大型称重式蒸渗仪测定的冬小麦农田的蒸散规律研究  

Study on Evapotranspiration of the Winter Wheat Measured by Large-scale Weighting Lysimeter

作　　者：汪秀敏[1,2] 申双和[1,2] 韩晓梅[2] 徐延红[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2011年第4期14-18,共5页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GY201106043)资助

摘　　要：利用大型称重式蒸渗仪实测数据,对冬小麦蒸散耗水规律进行研究。结果表明:1)冬小麦的日蒸散量变化曲线呈单峰型,中午大,早晚小。蒸散量在分蘖期出现小峰值,此后逐渐降低,返青后又不断增大,在孕穗期土壤水分亏缺严重,作物蒸散量增加速率有所下降。2)Penman-Monteith法估算的实际蒸散量比蒸渗仪实测值略高,但两者的相关关系较好。3)经回归分析,环境因子对冬小麦实测蒸散量影响的大小顺序为:净辐射>空气相对湿度>土壤温度>空气温度>40 cm土壤含水量>风速;建立了几个经验模型,可供作物蒸散量的估算。The article made use of measured data by large-scale weighting lysimeter to study evapotranspiration processes of the winter wheat. The results are as follows. 1 ） Variations of evapotranspiration were single peak curves. Values were bigger at noon, and smaller in the morning and evening, the evapotranspiration was low at seedling stage, peak value appeared at tillering stage, and then the evapotranspiration slowly decreased, but after turning green the evapotranspiration of winter wheat continued to grow, but the soil was so drought that the evapotranspiration increased slowly at the booting stage. 2） Values estimated by lysimeter Penman-Monteith equation were higher than values estimated by Penman- Monteith equation, but good correlation can be found between them. 3） The most influencing factor to e- vapotranspiration was net radiation followed by air relative humidity, soil temperature, air temperature, 40 cm soil water content, and wind speed in order. Some empirical models were also proposed for estimation of evapotranspiration through regression analysis.

关 键 词：蒸散量 大型称重式蒸渗仪 Penman—Monteith 环境因子 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]