不同坡向对木荷马尾松凋落物分解及养分释放速率的影响  

Effects of Different Aspects on Litter Decomposition and Related Nutrient Release Rate in Schima superba and Pinus massoniana Plantations

作　　者：程煜[1] 陈灿[2] 范海兰[2] 洪伟[2] 吴承祯[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350007 [2]福建农林大学森林生态研究所,福州350002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第31期6-17,共12页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31000298);福建省自然科学基金项目"不同生境及基质质量对木荷马尾松凋落物分解特征的影响"(2009J05055)

摘　　要：为了探寻分解场坡向不同对凋落物分解特征的影响,将中亚热带木荷马尾松主要凋落物放在不同坡向林分下分解,处于35年木荷林马尾松下时,东南坡向（2号样地）更利于4种凋落物的分解;在50年林下则以南坡（3号样地）更利于对木荷枝、叶分解,而东坡（4号样地）的马尾松枝分解更快,不同坡向对分解速度造成的差异都未达到显著水平。4种凋落物中C都随分解时间逐渐减少,各组分的总趋势基本类似。N、Ca元素在出现了快速释放期（0~62天）后均发生不同程度的富集,坡向不同对木荷枝叶N、Ca分解的影响更明显,木荷叶、枝与马尾松枝中P、K、Mg释放速率的差别较大,特别是木荷枝,大量富集与快速释放交替出现,因坡向差异在不同分解时段对它们分解速率的影响不同,变异较大。落叶（尤其是木荷叶）中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn都出现了不同程度的富集,2种落枝（尤其是马尾松枝）中4种微量元素的富集量要小的多。在不同分解时段,4种微量元素的分解释放对坡向不同的影响较敏感,样地间的差异和波动均较大,变化复杂。In order to find out the effect mechanisms,the effect of different aspect on decomposition of Schima superba and Pinus massoniana litter from mid-subtropical zone were discussed.The results showed that：under 35 years Schima superba and Pinus massoniana plantations,the southeastern slope（No.2 plot） was more conducive to the 4 kinds of litter decomposition.In the 50 years plantation,the decomposition rate of Schima superba leaves and branches in southern slope（No.3 plot） were more quickly,and the decompose of Pinus massoniana branches in east slope（No.4 plot） were faster,however the differences of decomposition rate which caused by different aspect were not reach significant level.The contents of C in the 4 kinds of litter were all gradually reduced over time.N,Ca in the litter occurred different levels of enrichment after a rapid release period（0-62 days）,the effects of different aspect on of N,Ca decomposition were more obvious.The P,K,Mg in Schima superba leaves and branches and Pinus massoniana branches-especially Schima superba branches increased greatly and decreased rapidly,the effects of aspect difference in the different periods were very different.Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn in leaves litter,especially Schima superba leaves had suffered different levels of enrichment,the enriched amounts of 4 trace elements in branches,especially Pinus massoniana branches were much smaller.The influence of aspect difference on 4 trace elements decomposition at different periods was more sensitive and complex.

关 键 词：凋落物 分解 不同坡向 木荷 马尾松 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]