‘东魁’杨梅裂果病因研究  

Study on the Pathogenesis of Fruit Cracking of Myrica rubra 'Dongkui'

作　　者：陈方永[1] 倪海枝[1] 王引[1] 鹿连明[1] 任正初[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省柑橘研究所,浙江黄岩318020

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第31期194-199,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：浙江省科技厅"杨梅裂果发病机制及其防治研究"(2010C32049);浙江省台州市科技项目"杨梅采前防腐烂生产集成技术研究"(08KY05)

摘　　要：‘东魁’杨梅是杨梅裂果病最严重的品种。通过研究明确病因,达到减少裂果、控制裂果并发症发生的目的。检测分析土壤、叶片中Mg、Fe、K等矿质元素含量;PP333、烯效唑、GA3、IAA等植物生长调节剂的含量;停用PP333、平衡施肥、合理整枝、二次疏果,辅之调节园区干湿度培育小气候环境。结果表明,裂果病分为裂果、裂核2种,裂果又有纵裂、横裂2种类型,并以横裂为主。常年裂果率在10%,个别年份在20%左右,且裂果易使果实落果、腐烂,导致常规栽培常年落果腐烂率在30%以上。通过多年对病因的研究,表明植物内源激素失调是主要因子。同时,不当栽培、矿质营养盈亏不均、种性,以及非节律性气候造成的干湿不当,尤其是持续暴晴暴雨天气的出现是造成东魁杨梅裂果的重要因子。‘东魁’杨梅裂果病以生理性病害为主,与遗传种性有关。通过栽培措施的改正,可以减少裂果率,控制裂果并发症。The disease of fruit cracking was one of the most serious disease that Myriea rubra ＇ Dongkui＇ was suffered from. The object of the research was to investigated and clarify the cause of the disease, in order to reduce the cracking rate and the relative complications. Content of the mineral elements in soil and leaf, such as Mg, Fe, K; as well as the plant growth regulators, including paelobutrazol and uniconazole were detected. In production, a lot of measures were taken, for example, stopping using paclobutrazol, doing rational fertilization and pruning, creating microelimate through regulating orchard humidity, to reach this achievement. The disease of cracking included apoearp cracking and putamina cracking. The apocarp cracking included longitudinal split and transverse split, and the former was more serious. The cracking rate was usually around 10%, however, sometimes it reached 20%. In the meanwhile, some complications such as fruit dropping and rotting were occurred, leading to more than 30% fruit rotting rate. Through studying on the pathogenesis with several years, the researcher thought that the main reason was endogenous hormone disorder. At the same time, improper cultivation, different varieties, mineral disorder, extremely dry or wet weather were also the important reasons. Fruit cracking disease was a kind of physiological disease, it was also relevant with hereditary feature. It can control and reduce by changing the method of cultivation, and pruning reasonably.

关 键 词：'东魁’杨梅 裂果 病因 

分 类 号：S662.4[农业科学—果树学]