多向编织炭/炭复合材料烧蚀/侵蚀特性研究  

Investigation on ablation/erosion of 5D carbon/carbon composites

作　　者：许承海[1] 孟松鹤[1] 白光辉[1] 韦利明[1] 齐菲[1] 胡江华[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学特种环境复合材料技术国防科技重点实验室,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2011年第6期772-776,共5页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

基　　金：国家安全重大基础研究项目(61391)

摘　　要：利用以星型交流电弧加热器为核心的地面模拟系统,对多向编织炭/炭复合材料的烧蚀/侵蚀特性进行了考核,通过对材料烧蚀表面温度、烧蚀后微观结构的观察,研究了该类材料的烧蚀行为。研究发现,烧蚀/侵蚀耦合作用下,多向编织炭/炭复合材料烧蚀表面的升温速率、烧蚀平衡温度均有不同程度的增加,烧蚀平衡温度增幅约为200～300℃;多向编织炭/炭复合材料内部微结构特性引起纤维、基体及界面间的烧蚀不均匀,界面烧蚀破坏了纤维束与基体间的联系,使得纤维束与基体同时失去了支持,形成烧蚀表面脱层;烧蚀表面存在少量的Al2O3粒子沉积,垂直烧蚀表面的纤维裸露出表面,因粒子撞击所施加的弯曲动量而折断,不会形成热化学烧蚀下的针状纤维结构,纤维断裂较平齐;粒子侵蚀作用在产生直接的材料质量损失同时,间接损伤使材料表面变得"松软",促进了材料的热化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀,线烧蚀率显著增大。The star-style AC arc heater was employed as the ground simulation system to investigate the ablation and erosion be- havior of 5D carbon/carbon（C/C） composites. The ablation behavior was analyzed through observing the ablative surface tempera- tures and the material microstructures after ablation. The results show that under the effect of ablation/erosion coupling, the heating rate of ablative surface and the ablation equilibrium temperature increased, and the later increased about 200 - 300 ℃. The internal mierostrncture of 5D C/C led to non-uniform ablation of fibers ,matrix and interface. The interface ablation destroyed the connection between the fiber bundle and the matrix, which made the fiber bundle and the matrix lose the support and form the ablation surface delaminates. A small amount of Al2O3 particle deposited on the ablation surface. The fibers ,which were perpendicular to the ablation surface, exposed and broke on account of the particle impact bending momentum. There were no aeieular fiber structures compared with the thermo-chemical ablation, and the fiber fracture was flat. Particle erosion not only decreased the quality of the materials directly, but also made the surface loosen, which promoted the thermo-chemieal ablation and mechanical erosion behavior, in addition, the linear ablation rate was also significantly increased.

关 键 词：多向编织炭/炭复合材料 烧蚀性能 星型交流电弧加热器 

分 类 号：V258[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]