水库泥沙淤积对有效库容的影响规律研究  

Study of Changing Law of Effective Storage Brought by Reservoir Sediment Deposition

作　　者：彭辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《三峡大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第6期1-4,共4页Journal of China Three Gorges University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50909054);湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2008CDZ069)

摘　　要：尽管大坝在生产活动和经济生活中发挥了重要作用,但同时也改变了本地区原有河流天然径流特性,使原有径流过程发生了较大变化.修建水库很大程度改变了河流自身冲淤平衡状态,而水库淤积和重新建立新的平衡是一个长期的过程,这给上下游带来长期、深远的影响.虽然水库的兴建历史久远,但多沙河流水库泥沙淤积仍是一个突出问题.研究表明:大坝经济效益的多少在很大程度上取决于水库有效库容的大小,一般而言,有效库容越大,水库可调节用于发电的流量就会更大,电站的总经济效益就会越大.为了减少泥沙危害的影响,国内外专家研究了不同种类的泥沙清淤方案和方法,但其根本的任务就是如何清除掉每年入库而占据有效库容的那部分泥沙量.本文结合上述问题,根据非均匀质(悬移质和推移质)不平衡输沙原理建立水库泥沙淤积的一维数学模型,计算中,按全沙模式和划分时段、河段,逐时段、逐河段进行,找出淤积量与有效库容的关系,为后续水库运行管理提供理论依据.Although dam playing important roles in production activity and economic life, but local natural runoff characteristics and processes are changed because of dam construction. The situation of river scour and silting equilibrium will be changed after dam construction. Actually, the process and balance of scour and silting equilibrium in river often lasts for long-time. Although the history of dam construction is very long, sediment deposition in reservoir is a prominent problem needed to be considered. Many researches indicate that the benefit of power station is decided by effective storage at a large extent. Generally, the larger effective storage is, the better benefit of power station will be. In order to reduce the side effects of sedimentation in reservoir, many specialists at home and abroad have studied the methods and plans of dredging sedimentation from effective storage. Combining above-mentioned problems and using 1-D mathematical model, the relation between sedimentation and effective storage has been studied, so as to provide theoretical support for reservoir management.

关 键 词：水库泥沙淤积 有效库容 冲淤平衡 死库容 

分 类 号：TV641.31[水利工程—水利水电工程]