上海城区典型臭氧污染VOCs特征及潜势分析  

VOCs Characteristics of Ozone Pollution and its Potential in Shanghai Urban Area

作　　者：崔虎雄[1] 吴迓名[1] 段玉森[1] 高松[1] 王东方[1] 包权[1] 伏晴艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市环境监测中心,上海200030

出　　处：《环境监测管理与技术》2011年第B12期18-23,共6页The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring

基　　金：环境保护部公益性科研专项计划基金资助项目(2010467001)

摘　　要：利用在线气相色谱仪对上海城区典型臭氧污染(2010年7月28日—8月2日)挥发性有机物(VOCs,C2—C12)进行了自动连续监测,结果表明:臭氧污染过程中VOCs日变化呈现典型的双峰特征,日最高小时体积分数为40×10-9～60×10-9;具体组分依次为烷烃14.3×10-9(44.8%)、芳香烃10.1×10-9(31.7%)、烯烃5.3×10-9(16.7%)和乙炔2.05×10-9(6.4%)。用最大臭氧生成潜势量(OFP)对不同污染阶段VOCs大气活性进行了评估,结果表明:VOCs的OFP每日也呈现典型的双峰变化特征,污染期OFP比污染前高一倍以上,具体贡献水平依次为芳香烃(44%～66%)、烯烃(20%～40%)、烷烃(12%～16%)和乙炔(<1%);具体关键活性物种包括间/对二甲苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯、乙烯、丙烯等芳香烃和烯烃物种,占总OFP的70%以上。不同污染阶段O3与OFP之间存在典型的负相关关系,不同污染日存在不同的相关关系;每日OFP最低水平为0.10 mg/m3～0.20 mg/m3,说明上海城区大气活性较强,臭氧浓度仍有很大的上升空间。The concentration,speciation and chemical reactivity of ambient volatile organic compounds（VOCs） were analyzed and measured by using online gas chromatography during a typical ozone episode（from July.28th to August.2nd,2010） and 55 kinds of VOCs were detected.The results show that two peaks in the morning and evening were observed in the profile of VOCs,with max mixing ratio of 40×10-9 ~ 60×10-9.The major components of the VOCs were alkanes 14.3×10-9（44.8%）,aromatics 10.1×10-9（31.7%）,alkenes 5.3×10-9（16.7%） and acetylene 2.05×10-9（6.4%）.Furthermore,the Maximum Ozone Formation Potential（OFP） is analyzed and also show that two peaks in the morning and evening for the OFP,and one more times in the episode than before the episode.The contributions of OFP for the components were aromatics（44%~66%）,alkenes（20%~40%）,alkanes（12%~16%） and acetylene（1%）,respectively.Considering individual compounds,xylenes,toluene,propylene,ethane were the most important contributors（70%） to ozone formation in the episode.There were a significantly negative correlation between the O3 and OFP in all the episode day,and exist a different relationships for the different episode day.The least levels of OFP were 0.10 mg/m3 ~ 0.20 mg/m3 and suggest that the reactivity of the atmosphere were very strong,there still a large room for the OFP transformed into ozone.

关 键 词：典型污染 臭氧 挥发性有机物 最大臭氧生成潜势量 上海城区 

分 类 号：X515[环境科学与工程—环境工程]