为僭主出谋与为君主献策——亚里士多德与马基雅维利论政治现实主义  

Advising the Tyrant and Advising the Prince——Aristotle and Machiavelli on Political Realism

作　　者：刘玮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,伦理学与道德建设研究中心

出　　处：《政治思想史》2011年第4期64-86,200,共23页Journal of the History of Political Thought

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金资助(10XNF093;亚里士多德伦理学研究)

摘　　要：马基雅维利在《君主论》中宣称自己教导"有效真理",也就是某种政治现实主义,从而与之前的传统决裂。但是对比考察亚里士多德《政治学》(V.10-11)与马基雅维利在《君主论》中的相关教导却让我们看到了巨大的相似性。亚里士多德似乎早于马基雅维利近两千年就已经以自己的名义明白无误地昭示了那些"马基雅维利式的"政治真理。如果是这样,我们就不得不重新思考施特劳斯关于马基雅维利在有意教导邪恶的意义上背离之前政治哲学传统的观点。In his most famous book The Prince, Machiavelli claims that he breaks with earlier tradition by teaching 'effectual truth,' i.e., a kind of political realism. But if we read Aristotle’s Politics V.10-11 alongside with Machiavelli’s The Prince, we will be surprised by their striking similarities. It seems that Aristotle had already taught the core of this kind of 'Machiavellian' political realism some two thousand years ago. Somewhat more importantly, Aristotle had done this in his own name, and in a conspicuous way. If so, we are forced to reconsider Leo Strauss’ thesis that Machiavelli departed from the previous tradition of political philosophy by teaching evil deliberately and thus originated modernity.

关 键 词：亚里士多德 马基雅维利 施特劳斯 政治现实主义 现代性 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]