不同利用方式下土壤对磷的吸附—解吸特征  

Phosphorus Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Soils Under Different Land Use Types

作　　者：秦胜金[1] 张玉树[1] 胡晓霞[1] 黄敬武 

机构地区：[1]福建省农科院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]邵武市农业局土肥站

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2011年第24期285-287,291,共4页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：福建省青年人才项目(2008E3019)

摘　　要：为了揭示闽江流域不同土地利用方式对土壤磷的固定和释放机制,对闽江上游果园、茶园、旱地、水田、蔬菜地和林地几种利用方式土壤磷的吸附—解吸特征进行研究。结果表明：蔬菜地土壤的速效磷含量最高,对200～2 400 mg/kg不同含量磷加入后的吸附率远低于其他土壤,仅为14.19%~30.88%,等温吸附曲线无拐点,土壤对磷的缓冲能力弱,最大磷吸附量为476.19 mg/kg。水田和林地的吸附能力略强,最大吸附量分别为1 000.00、1 111.11 mg/kg。土壤吸附能力越弱的对磷的解吸率越高,不同利用方式土壤磷的解吸率表现为菜地〉水田和林地〉旱地、茶园和果园。随着解吸次数增加,解吸率降低,且各土壤解吸率差异主要表现在第1次解吸过程中。因此,研究区域应减少菜地和水田的磷肥输入,林地地表植被的保护也是控制土壤磷流失的重要措施。In order to understand the effect of different land use types on the phosphorus fixed and loss in soil,the study investigated the adsorption and desorption characteristics of soils in orchard,teaplantation,dry land,paddy field,vegetable field and forest.The results showed that the soil available phosphorus content was the highest in vegetable field.The adsorption rate of it was well below that of other soils with a phosphorus addition rate of 200~2 400 mg/kg which was 14.19%~30.88%,and adsorption isothermal curve of which with no break point.The fact indicated that the soil in vegetable field,whose maximum phosphorus adsorption amount was 476.19 mg/kg,it was less buffering with the phosphorus.The soils of paddy field and forest had slightly better phosphorus adsorption ability with maximum phosphorus adsorption amounts of 1 000.00 mg/kg and 1 111.11 mg/kg.The less of the phosphorus adsorption amount the larger of the phosphorus desorption in different soils.The phosphorus desorption rates were as vegetable field paddy field and forestdry land,teaplantation and orchard.The phosphorus desorption rates decreased with the increase of times of desorption,and the difference was greater in the first time.So the application of phosphorus should be restricted in vegetable field and paddy field,and the ground plants should be protected in forest which could decrease the loss of phosphorus by runoff.

关 键 词：磷 吸咐 解吸 闽江流域 土地利用方式 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]