大法官释宪制度在近代中国的形成及其初步实践  

The Formation of the Constitutional Interpretation System by Grand Justices and its Practice in Modern China

作　　者：牟宪魁[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院教授,济南250100

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第1期87-94,共8页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“近代中国宪法解释制度研究”(项目编号10YJC820085)

摘　　要：1946年旧政协起草的宪法草案对五五宪草进行了较大的修改,效仿美国将司法院明确规定为最高审判机关,并赋予大法官以宪法解释权。但是,由于最终公布的宪法文本上对这些规定作了文字表述上的调整,而司法院组织法也维持了既有的司法院体制,在司法院之外仍然存在最高法院,因此大法官并不审判具体案件,仅抽象地进行宪法解释,从而转向了欧陆式的违宪审查制度。The 1946 Draft Constitution drawn up by the old Political Consultative Conference made some major changes to the May Fifth Draft Constitution.Following the example of the USA,it prescribed Judicial Yuan as the highest judicial organ and conferred the power to interpret constitution on the grand justices.However,as the final version of the Constitution made some changes in wording regarding these provisions and the Organic Act of Judicial Yuan maintained the existing Judicial Yuan system,which established the Supreme Court besides the Judicial Yuan,the Grand Justices were not entitled to decide specific cases but to interpret constitution Abstractly,which thereby turned the system to continental constitutional review system.

关 键 词：司法院 大法官 司法解释 宪法解释 违宪审查 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学] D921