北运河流域典型区污灌条件下氮素渗漏模拟及灌溉模式优选  

Nitrogen Percolation Simulation under Sewage Irrigation and Irrigation Pattern Optimization of Typical Area in North Canal Basin

作　　者：陆建红[1,2] 闫旖君[2] 刘银迪[2] 徐建新[2] 赵鹏 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [2]华北水利水电学院,郑州450011 [3]长江三峡集团公司三峡枢纽管理局,湖北宜昌443133

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2011年第6期31-35,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07209);华北水利水电学院研究生教育创新计划基金(YK2010-12)

摘　　要：为了揭示北运河流域农田氮素的渗漏迁移特征,为该流域水资源总体规划和非点源污染综合整治提供指导,以北运河流域武清区为研究对象,采用改进的SWAT模型对16种不同灌溉模式下农田氮素的渗漏特征进行模拟分析。结果显示,随着污灌次数的增加,氮素渗漏量也相应增加,但3次以下污灌,其变化不明显。在污灌次数相同,且连续污灌或者污灌间隔时间较短的情况下,氮素渗漏量相对较大。冬小麦的返青、拔节期,夏玉米的抽雄期进行污灌,氮素渗漏量相对较小。降雨量、灌溉量是决定NO3--N淋失与否及多少的关键因子,在没有充足的降雨补给土壤贮水量时,适量灌溉不会引起过多的水分渗漏和NO3--N的淋溶损失。武清区的适宜灌溉模式为冬小麦在返青、拔节期采用污水灌溉,越冬期及抽穗期采用清水灌溉,夏玉米在抽雄期采用污水灌溉。In order to reveal the characteristics of the farmland nitrogen percolation of the North Canal Basin, and provide some guidance for the basin＇s general planning of water resources and comprehensive control of non-point source pollution, the improved SWAT model was applied to simulate the characteristics of the farmland nitrogen percolation under sixteen different irrigation patterns in the Wuqing area in the North Canal Basin. The simulation results indicated that the amount of nitrogen percolation increases cor- respondingly with the increase of the sewage irrigation, which is inconspicuous when sewage irrigation less than thrice; While with the same number of the sewage irrigation and under the case of continuous or short time-interval sewage irrigation9 the amount of the nitrogen percolation is relatively larger. And the amount of the nitrogen percolation is relatively smaller if irrigating sewage in the returning green stage or the jointing stage, of the winter wheat, or in the tasseling stage of the summer maize. Besides, the rainfall and irrigation amount are the key factors determining whether the NO3^- --N leaches and the leaching amount, and in the absence of adequate rainfall recharging the soil water storage, a proper irrigation amount would not cause excessive water percolation and NO3^--N leaching loss. The proper irrigation pattern of the Wuqing area is irrigating sewage in the returning green stage or the jointing stage of the winter wheat, while irrigating clean water in the rest growth stages, and irrigating sewage in the tasseling stage of the summer maize.

关 键 词：灌溉模式 SWAT氮素 渗漏特征 

分 类 号：S273.5[农业科学—农业水土工程]