潮湿土遗址界定及病害分类研究  

Status and Countermeasures of Conservation of Earthen Monuments in Moist Circumstances

作　　者：张虎元[1,2] 李敏[1,2] 王旭东[3] 郭青林[3] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]敦煌研究院保护研究所,甘肃敦煌736200

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2011年第6期70-75,128,共6页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"南京报恩寺遗址地宫及出土文物保护技术研究"(2009BAK53B07)

摘　　要：我国南方潮湿地区遗存的土遗址具有重要的历史文化价值。本文厘定了潮湿土遗址的基本概念,凝练出潮湿土遗址保护的关键科学问题。从结构论的角度出发,选择土遗址自身含水状态、土遗址所处微环境相对湿度、土遗址所处区域气候条件,分层次对"潮湿状态"进行描述,期望定量区分不同类型的潮湿土遗址,为甄别病害成因、制定保护方案提供依据。根据对南京大报恩寺遗址和杭州良渚遗址的现场测试结果,认为典型的潮湿土遗址病害机理主要是收缩开裂、膨胀崩解、霉菌和雨蚀。作者认为,导致潮湿土遗址破坏的主要诱因,依次是大气降水冲刷、地下水位波动、空气湿度变化。据此提出,在潮湿土遗址保护方案制订过程中,保护措施决策的优先次序是防雨棚、地表排水、地下降水、本体加固。This paper intends to stipulate the basic concepts and clarify the major research topics about important earthen sites that have survived in humid areas of China. A conceptual system was established from the viewpoint of structural theory to describe the environmental condition of a monument. Parameters including soil water content, relative humidity of microenvironment, and local precipitation were selected to classify the environments of various monuments and therefore help screen for the major factors involved in specific deterioration for a conservation project. Typical deterioration of earthen monuments in humid circumstances clarified include drying crack, collapse, mould,and rainfall erosion according to the investigation on the Baoensi Temple site in Nanjing and the Liangzhu site in Hangzhou. It was found that most monument deterioration was caused by rainfall erosion, fluctuation of groundwater,and the changing humidity of the air. It is suggested that the priority conservation measures should be rain-proof shelter, surface water drainage, lowering of groundwater level, and then consolidation of earthen monuments.

关 键 词：土遗址 潮湿环境 保护 病害 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]