墨西哥湾溢油事件之法律透视  

A Legal Perspective on the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Incident in the Gulf of Mexico

作　　者：向在胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《美国研究》2011年第4期47-61,3-4,共15页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目"跨国环境污染中的国际私法问题研究"(课题编号:09SFB3037)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：墨西哥湾溢油事件的处置主要适用以1990年美国《油污法》为核心的油污责任法律体系。相较美国过去的相关立法和现行国际油污损害民事责任制度,以《油污法》为核心的美国现行油污责任法律体系不仅极大地扩展了油污损害的赔偿范围,而且还规定了高得多的责任限额。根据美国油污责任法律体系,英国石油公司可能不仅要支付油污清理费用和范围广泛的各种损害赔偿金,而且还将面临各种刑事处罚与民事处罚。鉴于《油污法》为责任限制条款的启动规定了苛刻的条件,英国石油公司享受责任限制将极其困难。The Deepwater Horizon oil spill will be dealt by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) and other national oil pollution liability laws. Compared with the U.S. related laws in the past and the existing international oil pollution liability conventions, the current system of oil pollution liability in the U.S.A. has not only expanded the coverage of the oil pollution liability, but also raised a much higher liability limit. Under such oil pollution liability laws of the U.S.A., BP not only will have to pay for the removal costs and wide-ranged damage compensations, but also will face many kinds of criminal and civil penalties as well. And since the OPA has laid down harsh restrictions for the application of its limitation of liability provisions, it will be very difficult for BP to benefit from the limitation of liabilities.

关 键 词：美国法律 墨西哥湾溢油事件 油污责任 责任限制 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.6