湖北省2010年疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析  

Study on the surveillance of adverse events following immunizationin Hubei Province(2010)

作　　者：李书华[1] 赵明江[1] 王兆[1] 张迟[1] 蔡碧[1] 李琼[1] 李宁[1] 郑莉[1] 杨北方[1] 罗玉娥[1] 唐险峰[1] 王雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省疾病预防控制中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2011年第6期9-14,18,共7页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析全省2010年疑似预防接种异常反应〔1〕(Adverse Events Following Immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统运转情况,国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗的安全性和预防接种服务质量。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统疑似预防接种异常反应信息管理系统,收集全省2010年1月1日～12月31日的个案数据,采用描述性方法对相关指标进行流行病学分析。结果全省2010年报告AEFI病例1 770例,县级报告覆盖率达到100%,其中55个县(53.40%)报告例数<10例。48 h内及时报告率88.76%4,8 h内及时调查率97.74%,个案调查表完整率100%。1 770例AEFI中,男女性别比为1.41∶1,≤2岁儿童占77.46%9,月报告发生数最多。发生AEFI前5位的疫苗为麻疹疫苗、无细胞百白破疫苗、百白破疫苗、流脑A群疫苗、乙脑减毒活疫苗。接种第1剂次发生的占65.42%,接种≤1 d发生的占84.18%。全省NIP疫苗异常反应估算报告发生率在0.28/100万剂～25.43/100万剂。AEFI分类诊断中,不良反应占96.10%,其他3.90%。临床损害前3位为过敏反应、无菌性脓肿、BCG淋巴结炎。结论全省2010年AEFI监测的完整性和敏感性比往年提高,但仍需提高监测质量。AEFI主要发生在小年龄组NIP疫苗首剂接种后的0～1 d,提示为其监测的重点。监测结果显示,全省NIP疫苗使用安全,预防接种服务质量较好。Objective To analyze the features of the adverse events f following immunization （AEFI） in the whole province in 2010, andevaluate the function/situation of AEFI monitoring system, national immunization programs （ National Immunization Program, NIP） and the safety of vaccines and vaccination service. Methods Through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System for suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination information management system, the data from January 1, to Dec. 31, 2010 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological method forrelevant indicators was applied. Results 1 770 cases of AEFI were reported in 2010. The coverage rate at county level was 100%. 55 counties （53.40%） reported the number of cases under 10. The rate of timely reporting within 48 hours was 88. 76% ,and the rate of timely investigation within 48 hours was 97.74% The questionnaire completion rate was 100%. Among the l 770 cases of AEFI,the ratio of male to female was 1.41 ： 1 〈~2-year-old children accounted for 77.46% ,the majority were reported in September. The top five AEFI were in turn ： measles vaccine （ my）, tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine （DTaP）, tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine （DTP）, group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine. The AEFI rate of the first dose accounted for 65.42% ,the AEFI of≤1 day accounted for 84. 18%. The estimation of adverse reaction of NIP vaccine was 0.28/100 million doses- 25.43/100 million doses. The classified diagnosis of AEFI showed that, the adverse reaction accounted for 96. 10%, others, 3.90%. The top three clinical damages were allergic reaction, aseptic abscess, BCG lymphadenitis. Conclusions The completion and sensitivity of the AEFI monitoring in 2010 were improved, however, the quality of surveillance still needs to be improved. Since AEFI occurred mostly in the lower-age group and the first dose of NIP for 0-1 d group, hence the strengthening of surveillance is of great importance. The result

关 键 词：预防接种 异常反应 AEFI 监测 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]