抗旱保水措施对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响  

Effects of Drought-resistant Moist-locking Measures on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：段卫东 王廷晓 刘茂林 申洪涛 张大纯 吴运峰 黎佳富 胡小曼[3] 李佛琳[3] 杨焕文[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南中烟工业有限责任公司,河南郑州450000 [2]云南省烟草公司丽江市公司,云南丽江674100 [3]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第B12期77-83,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大科技专项(110200902034);云南省烟草公司科技项目(09YN022);云南省应用基础研究项目(2008ZC051M);云南省科技厅人才项目(2010CI030)

摘　　要：针对丽江市永胜县片角乡旱区干旱的实际情况,寻找烤烟抗旱技术措施。采用随机区组设计,通过不覆盖、增施保德微生物土壤改良剂、隔垄秸秆全覆盖、覆膜+行间秸秆覆盖、覆膜+全表面秸秆覆盖的处理,以云97为材料,研究不同覆盖方式对烤烟生理特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:(1)覆盖处理能促进烟株生长,各处理大田生育期较CK分别提前了2,4,4,5 d。(2)覆膜对烟株在全生育期均有增加地温的效果,而秸秆覆盖降低地温,因此覆膜+全表面秸秆覆盖各土层积温比覆膜+行间秸秆覆盖高2.38～9.25℃,除增施土壤改良剂处理外,各处理土壤含水量分别提高了2.44%,2.99%,4.58%,覆盖措施促进烟株叶绿素合成,前期效果更为明显。(3)各覆盖处理产量、均价及上中等烟比例分别提高375,675,750,900 kg/hm^2,产值分别提高7703.2,13 252.5,13 978.5,17 386.5元/hm^2,均价分别提高1.68,2.37,2.24,2.77元/kg,上等烟比例分别提高6%,4.8%,10.2%,16.8%,上中等烟比例分别提高6.7,7.3,14.5,15.8%。(4)增施土壤改良剂使总糖、还原糖含量降低4.77,4.7%,各处理均使总氮含量分别增加0.14,0.02,0.23,0.42%,除增施土壤改良剂的处理外,其他各处理分别增加钾含量0.05%,0.09%,0.09%,烟叶化学成分更协调,其中,覆膜+全表面秸秆覆盖的处理具有最高的经济效益,是最优处理。In terms of actual situation of drought in arid regions of Pianjiao in Lijiang Yongsheng, looking for drought technical measures. By adopting randomized block design, using treatment of no mulching, applying Baode microorganism soil conditioner, full coverage with straw stalk every other ridging, plastic- mulched and straw stalk mulching in inter row, plastic-mulched and straw stalk mulching on whole surface,Yunyan 97 as material, to study effects of different mulching methods on physiological property, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed ： （ 1 ） mulching treatment promoted grow of tobacco plant, field growth period of each treatments were 2, 4, 4, 5 days in ahead respectively. （2） Plastic-mulched had effects of increasing soil temperature on tobacco plant in whole growth period, while straw stalk mulching could reduce soil temperature, so accumulated temperature of plastic-mulched and straw stalk mulching on whole surface was higher 2. 38～9. 25℃ than full coverage with straw stalk every other ridging; besides the treatment of applying BaoDe microorganism soil conditioner, soil moisture content of other treatments in- creased respectively 2. 44%, 2. 99% and 4. 58% ; effects which mulching promoted chlorophyll of tobacco plant to compound were more obvious in prophase. （3） Yield of each mulching treatments were respectively increased 375, 675,750, 900 kg/hm^2, production value were respectively increased 7 703.2, 13 252. 5, 13 978. 5, 17 386. 5 yuan/hm^2, average price were respectively increased 1.68, 2. 37, 2. 24, 2. 77 yuan/ kg, proportion of high class leaf were respectively increased by 6%, 4. 8%, 10. 2%, 16. 8%, proportion of high and middle class leaf were respectively increased 6. 7%, 7. 3%, 14. 5%, 15. 8%. （4） Applying Baode microorganism soil conditioner made total sugar and reducing sugar content decrease 4. 77% and 4. 7%, other treatments made total nitrogen content respectively increase 0. 14%, 0. 02%, 0. 23%, 0. 42%, potassium content respectively increas

关 键 词：覆盖 烤烟 生长 品质 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程]