基于GIS和RS的荒漠区土壤侵蚀研究  

Study on Soil Erosion in Desertification Area Based on GIS and RS

作　　者：武文一[1] 刘瑛[2] 梁继业[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院,武汉430071 [2]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [3]塔里木大学,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2011年第5期10-13,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：兵团博士资金项目(2008JC15);国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD26B05)

摘　　要：以GIS和RS为平台,对人类活动较为剧烈的鱼卡矿区及其周边区域的土壤侵蚀状况进行了研究。同时采用叠加分析法研究了土壤侵蚀与土壤类型、土地利用的耦合关系。结果表明:研究区土壤侵蚀以风蚀为主,兼有部分水蚀。从土壤类型来看,灰棕漠土、高山漠土侵蚀强烈,兼有风力侵蚀和水力侵蚀。洪积盐土风蚀强烈,高山荒漠化草原土水蚀较为强烈。从土地利用类型来看,极强度风蚀和剧烈风蚀主要分布在沙地和戈壁两种土地利用类型上,极强度水蚀主要位于沼泽和沟道两种土地利用类型上。因此,在制定水土流失整治措施和区域土地发展规划时,应首先考虑土壤类型和土地利用类型的侵蚀特性。在此基础上,制定有效的保护措施,严格控制水土流失,实现环境和经济的可持续发展。Based on the GIS and RS, the soil erosion was analyzed around the Yuka mining area of Qinghai Province. Meanwhile, the coupling relationship between erosion, erosion styles and land use were analyzed by using superposing analysis method. The results show that： most of soil erosion took place in the study site was characterized as wind erosion, as well as a little water erosion. As for the soil types, gray-brown desert soil, alpine desert soil were mainly suffered strong wind and water erosion; alluvial soil were mainly suffered strong wind erosion; strong water erosion occurred in alpine desert grassland soil. As for the land use types, extreme intensive and severe wind erosion mainly happened in the sandy land and gobis, and intensive water erosion occurred mainly in swamp and channel land use types. The ecological characters in this area were fragile with serious soil loss, poor soil fertility and lowest biomass production, and were hard to be restored once vegetation was de stroyed. Therefore, the management measures should take soil and land use erosion character as first consideration. And based on this, effective protection measurements should be established to control the soil and water loss and realize the sustainable environment and economic development in this area.

关 键 词：GIS RS 土地利用 土壤类型 土壤侵蚀 荒漠地区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] TP79[农业科学—农业基础科学]