黄土高塬沟壑区典型小流域水土保持措施蓄水保土效益分析  

Benefit Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation Measures in Controlling Soil and Water Loss in Small Watershed of the Loess Plateau Gully Region

作　　者：朱悦[1] 姜丽华 毕华兴[1] 吴智洋[1] 云雷[1] 高路博[1] 雷娜[1] 许华森[1] 鲍彪[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]陕西省榆林市林科所,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2011年第5期119-123,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"水土流失综合调控原理与治理范式(2007CB407207)

摘　　要：选择黄土高塬沟壑区杨家沟小流域(经过多年人工治理)和董庄沟小流域(未进行治理)两条典型对比流域,通过对比两条小流域的土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤肥力、土壤粒径组成、流域径流与输沙模数等指标,旨在揭示两条对比小流域水土保持措施的蓄水保土效益,为水土保持治理提供理论依据。结果表明:杨家沟小流域坡上、坡中、坡下等不同坡位0-20cm的土壤容重平均值分别是董庄沟小流域的89%,87%,96%;在径流模数一定的情况下,杨家沟小流域的输沙系数多年平均值为1 045t/km2,董庄沟多年平均输沙模数为4 333.1t/km2,杨家沟小流域输沙模数只相当于董庄沟小流域的40%左右;杨家沟小流域土壤的速效磷均值为2.05mg/kg,董庄沟小流域土壤的速效磷均值为1.25mg/kg;在浅层土壤(0-20cm)中,杨家沟小流域速效钾含量为399.6mg/kg,董庄沟小流域为303.2mg/kg,比杨家沟低32%,董庄沟小流域土壤全氮(0.65g/kg)、有机质(11.19g/kg)分别比杨家沟土壤全氮(1.05g/kg)、有机质(16.53g/kg)低38%,15%。This paper chose Yangjiagou（manmade） and Dongzhuanggou small watershed（natural） which are two different kinds of small watersheds in gully area of Loess Plateau as research sites,by determining their indices,including soil bulk density,porosity,fertility,particle,runoff and sediment,contrasted effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures in different watersheds,theories supporting can be provided for soil and water conservation management.The results showed that,the averages of soil bulk density in 0-20 cm on upper slope,middle slope,and lower slope of Yangjiagou small watershed are equal to Dongzhuanggou＇s 89%,87%,96%.In certain runoff,the average for many years of Yangjiagou＇s sediment transport coefficient were 1 045 t/km2,then Dongzhuanggou＇s was 4 333.1 t/km2,Yangjiagou＇s sediment transport coefficient was about Dongzhuanggou＇s 40%,the average of available phosphorus in soil of Yangjiagou small watershed was 2.05 mg/kg,Dongzhuanggou＇s was 1.25 mg/kg,in the shallow soil（0-20 cm）,available potassium of Yangjiagou small watershed was 399.6 mg/kg,Dongzhuanggou＇s was just 303.2 mg/kg,equivalent to Yangjiagou＇s 68%,other index of soil in Dongzhuanggou small watershed,such as total nitrogen,organic matter amounted to Yangjiagou＇s 62%,85%.

关 键 词：黄土高塬沟壑区 小流域 水土保持 效益分析 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]