冬季苦草与伊乐藻对贡湖水源地水质净化效果研究  

Study of the depuration effect of Vallisneria spiralis and Elodea Canadensis in water sources area of Gong Hu in winter

作　　者：王阳阳[1,2] 吴海龙[1,2] 霍元子[1,2] 曲宪成[1,2] 陈群芳[1,2] 何培民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2012年第1期73-77,共5页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大项目(2008ZX07101-012);上海市科学技术委员会重点科技攻关项目(09391912000);上海市科学技术委员会应用基础研究项目(09DZ1200903);上海市水生生物学重点学科建设项目(S30701);上海海洋大学博士启动基金(B-8201-08-0285)

摘　　要：2009年11月5日至25日在苏州太湖贡湖水源地入湖河道东泾河内设置了10个大型路基围隔,栽植较耐寒沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)和伊乐藻(Elodeacanadensis),研究了其在冬季低温条件下的净水效果。结果表明:(1)栽种沉水植物的围隔内氨氮、硝酸盐氮和总氮浓度均显著低于实验前(P<0.01),其中苦草实验组氨氮、硝酸盐氮和总氮浓度分别为实验前的78.76%、70.20%和83.42%,伊乐藻实验组分别为实验前的81.85%、72.30%、75.55%,苦草+伊乐藻实验组分别为实验前的88.80%、78.80%、86.21%,而空白对照组与围隔外水质氮素浓度变化幅度较小,总氮浓度分别降低37.12%和15.87%;(2)苦草+伊乐藻实验组对总磷和CODMn的去除效率显著高于其他围隔(P<0.01),分别为86.97%和76.16%;(3)经驯化后的苦草和伊乐藻在冬季有较好的净化水质效果且净化效果为苦草+伊乐藻>苦草>伊乐藻,为冬季湖泊生态修复中沉水植被的恢复,种类的选取及合理配置提供了理论依据。研究亮点:沉水植被的恢复已成为现代水体生态系统构建及生态修复工程中的关键技术。在沉水植被的恢复中,由于大多数沉水植物存在季节性的限制,在冬季低温条件下表现出较低的生态特性。本研究表明经试验基地耐寒性驯化的苦草和伊乐藻在冬季低温条件下具有一定的氮磷吸收能力,其中两种沉水植物搭配种植对富营养化河道水质具有很好净化效果,一个月围隔内NH4-N、NO3-N、TN、TP、CODMn浓度均显著低于对照区和实验前。采用野外原位围隔实验手段,较实验室可控条件下的水生植物氮磷吸收特性研究能更接近自然水体中的植物对水质的影响。This paper studied the depuration effect of two kinds of submerged macrophytes Vallisneria spiralis and Elodea Canadensis in winter,after cold acclimation in laboratory.From 5 to 25 November 2009,ten large embankment enclosures were set up in Dong Jing River of the water source area in Gong Hu,Suzhou Vallisneria spiralis and Elodea Canadensis were planted in the enclosures.Experiments were made in 4 groups： Vallisneria spiralis,Elodea Canadensis,Vallisneria spiralis ＋ Elodea Canadensis and control group.Each treatment had three replicates.Sampled once every five days,to test the water quality inside of the enclosure and the outside enclosure.The results showed that：（1） In the enclosures grown submerged macrophytes： concentrations of NH4-N,NO3-N,TN,were significantly lower than those before the experiment（P0.01）,and the concentrations in Vallisneria spiralis control,Elodea Canadensis control,Vallisneria spiralis ＋ Elodea Canadensis control are reduced to 78.76%,70.20%,83.42%,81.85%,72.30%,75.55%,88,80%,78.80%,86.21%,respectively,while the control group and the water outside the enclosures have a lesser extent nitrogen concentrations,in which TN concentrations decreased 37.12% and 15.87%;（2）The control of Vallisneria spiralis ＋ Elodea Canadensis have high reduction rate in decreasing the TP and CODMn,which were 86.97% and 76.16%,significantly higher than other controls（P0.05）.（3） The effect of purifying water of Vallisneria spiralis and Elodea Canadensis is better in winter,and the purifying effect： Vallisneria spiralis ＋ Elodea CanadensisVallisneria spiralis Elodea Canadensis.This paper provides a theoretical basis for the recovery of submerged plants of lake ecological restoration,species selection and reasonable allocation.

关 键 词：苦草 伊乐藻 路基围隔 净化效果 

分 类 号：P342[天文地球—水文科学]