“经济基础决定上层建筑”与资本主义批判——兼评卢卡奇和哈贝马斯批判资本主义的两种不同思路  

"Economic Base Determining Superstructure" and Capitalist Criticism——And the two different ideas of Lukacs and Habermas' critical capitalism

作　　者：王晓升[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学哲学系,武汉430074

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2012年第1期24-30,共7页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"改革开放视阈下我国社会意识变动趋向与规律研究"(10zd&048);国家社会科学基金重点项目"哈贝马斯的交往行动理论与历史唯物主义研究(08AZX001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：市民社会决定国家它作为经济基础决定上层建筑的原型是马克思用来批判资产阶级国家和意识形态的。它表明资产阶级国家并不是什么伦理的国家,它提出的平等、自由、权利的学说也不是为了全体人民利益,而是为资产阶级利益服务的。资本主义社会中的经济关系不仅决定了国家和意识形态,而且还渗透到社会生活的其他领域,使整个社会"物化",商品拜物教作为资产阶级意识形态就是经济关系在社会生活领域发挥作用的结果。卢卡奇和哈贝马斯虽然都吸收了韦伯的思想来批判资本主义社会中的物化现象,但是,卢卡奇否定经济在社会历史中的决定作用,并因此把马克思的资本主义批判理论韦伯化;而哈贝马斯关于系统入侵生活世界的观点则从经济系统对文化领域的决定作用这一维度说明资本主义社会中的文化危机,并使韦伯的资本主义批判理论马克思化。The prototype that civil society decides that the country as an economic base determines superstructure is employed by Marx to criticize capitalist countries and ideologies. It shows that capitalist countries are not ethical ones since the theory of equality, freedom and right is not proposed for all people but for the capitalist class. The economic relations in capitalist countries determine not only the country and ideology but penetrate into other fields of social life to materialize the whole society and the commodity fetishism as capitalist ideology results from the role of economic relations in social life. Al- though Lukacs and Habermas absorbed Weber＇s ideas to criticize the materialization in capitalist societies, Lukacs negated the decisive role of economy in social history and therefore added Weber＇s characteristics into Marx＇s capitalist criticism; while Habermas explained cultural crisis in capitalist societies from the decisive role of economic system in the cultural field and added Marxist characteristics into Weber＇s capitalist criticism.

关 键 词：历史唯物主义 资本主义批判 哈贝马斯 卢卡奇 

分 类 号：B17[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]