低中水平放射性废物浅地层处置安全评价方法研究  

STUDY ON SAFETY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR SHALLOW LAND DISPOSAL OF LOW AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE

作　　者：李书绅[1] 王志明[1] 郭择德[1] 李祯堂 赵英杰[1] 李盛芳 神山秀雄[2] 山本忠利 武部慎一 小川弘道 田中忠夫[2] 向井雅之 

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院,太原030006 [2]日本原子力研究所

出　　处：《辐射防护》2000年第1期1-20,共20页Radiation Protection

摘　　要：中国辐射防护研究院和日本原子力研究所合作开展了为期 5年 (1988年 1月～ 1993年 1月 )的“低中水平放射性废物浅地层处置安全评价方法研究”,以建立一套低中放废物浅地层处置安全评价技术和方法 ,包括参数、模式和程序。本文主要介绍在黄土包气带中核素迁移规律、水分运移行为研究及其相关参数测定的方法和试验结果 ,以及试验场址主要特征和开发的核素迁移模式与计算程序为开展现场核素迁移示踪试验和实验室核素迁移模拟实验 ,建立了野外试验场、喷淋试验大厅和环境模拟实验室 ;开发了现场核素迁移直接测量系统 ;研制了实验室模拟装置和原状土取样设备。包气带核素迁移示踪试验 ,从 1989年 5月开始到 1991年 8月结束 ,试验在天然 (试验期间年均降雨量为 4 38mm)和喷淋 (喷淋强度 15mm/ d,相当于降雨量 5.4 8× 10 3 mm/ a)两种条件下进行。实验室模拟实验 ,喷淋强度为 0 .796 mm/ d(4号土柱 )和 0 .6 56 mm/ d(2号土柱 ) ,历时约 1年。示踪核素为 60 Co、85Sr和 13 4Cs(或13 7Cs)。还与现场试验同步开展了试验场水分运移研究 ,及用 3 H作示踪剂的水分运移研究。得到以下主要结果 :(1)对 85Sr,喷淋条件下 2年的现场试验期内 ,浓度峰迁移了 13cm,天然条件下迁移约 2 cm;在 1年的实验室模拟实验期内 ,取?China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP) conducted a five year (from Jan. 1988 to Jan. 1993) project entitled “Study on Safety Assessment Methodology for Shallow Land Disposal of Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste” in cooperation with Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). The project was aimed to develop a set of techniques and methods, including parameters, models and computer codes, for safety assessment of shallow land disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive waste. This paper describes the pattern of nuclide migration in loess aerated zone, study on moisture movement, determination of related parameters and the results. Site characteristics and development of relevant models and codes are also described. In order to carry out the field tracing test and the laboratory simulation test of radionuclide migration, a field test site (CIRP's Field Test Site), a test hall equipped with sprinkler, and an environmental simulation laboratory were established. A direct measurement device used for field radionuclide migration test, laboratory simulation setup for radionuclide migration and an intact soil sampler were developed. The loess aerated zone radionuclide migration test started in May 1989 and finished in August 1991. Tests were carried out under two rainfall conditions, natural rainfall (438 mm/a) and articicial sprinkling (with sprinkling density of 15 mm/d, corresponding to annual rainfall of 5 480 mm). The laboratory simulation ran about one year with daily sprinkling density of 0.796 mm for soil column 4 and 0.656 mm for soil column 2. The tracer nuclides are 60 Co, 85 Sr and 134 Cs and (or 137 Cs ). Field moisture movement study and a test using 3H as tracer for moisture movement were performed simultaneously. The major conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) Under the articicial sprinkling condition, peak of 85 Sr moved about 13 cm in the loess aerated zone during about two years, while under the natur

关 键 词：安全评价 放射性废物 浅地层处置 核素迁移 

分 类 号：TL942[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]