土壤水分对冬小麦生育后期叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响  

Effects of soil moisture on leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of winter wheat during its late growth stage

作　　者：李永秀[1,2] 申双和[1,2] 李丽[2] 汪秀敏[2] 张富存[1,2] 韩小梅[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第1期74-80,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB950702);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106043)资助

摘　　要：通过防雨棚小区栽培,控制土壤供水系数(Kw)分别为0.8、0.6、0.4、0.2,以自然状况下的小区为对照(CK),研究土壤水分条件对冬小麦生育后期叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:Kw为0.6处理的冬小麦叶片叶绿素含量与0.8处理接近,且显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);Kw为0.6处理对冬小麦叶片的气孔导度和蒸腾速率有轻度抑制,但其光合速率却高于0.8处理,而Kw为0.2处理的光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率均为最低;气孔限制值在Kw为0.4处理下最高,其次为0.2处理,0.8处理下最低;冬小麦叶片的表观量子效率在Kw为0.4处理下最高,光补偿点总体上随着土壤水分含量的降低呈下降趋势,而光饱和点及最大光合速率则以Kw为0.6处理最高,其次为0.8处理,0.2处理最低;冬小麦叶片的天线转化效率Fv'/Fm'、电子传递速率ETR、实际量子效率ФPSII及光化学猝灭qP均以Kw为0.6处理最高,其次为0.8处理,0.2处理下最低;在Kw为0.2处理下,冬小麦光合作用主要受非气孔因素限制,而在0.4处理下,则主要受气孔因素限制。A plot experiment with rainproof installation was conducted to study the effects of different soil moisture regimes on the leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of winter wheat during its late growth stage. Five treatments were installed, i.e., natural soil moisture regime （CK）, soil water supply coefficient （Kw） of 0.8, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2, respectively. The leaf chlorophyll content in Kw=0.6 was close to that in Kw=0.8, and significantly higher than that in other treatments （p〈0.05）. In Kw=0.6, the leaf stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were mildly inhibited, while the photosynthetic rate was higher than that in Kw=0.8. In Kw=0.2, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were the lowest. The stomatal limitation was the highest in Kw=0.4, followed by in Kw=0.2, and smallest in Kw=0.8. Treatment of Kw=0.4 had the highest apparent quantum efficiency. Overall, the light compensation point decreased with decreasing soil moisture content, but the light saturation point and the maximum photosynthetic rate were the highest in Kw=0.6, followed by in Kw=0.8, and lowest in Kw=0.2. The antenna transfer efficiency （Fv′/Fm′）, electron transfer rate （ETR）, actual quantum efficiency of PSII （ФPSII）, and photochemical quenching （qP） were the highest in Kw=0.6, followed by in Kw=0.8, and lowest in Kw=0.2. It was inferred that in Kw=0.2, the photosynthetic rate of winter wheat was mainly limited by non-stomatal limitation factors,whereas in Kw=0.4, the photosynthetic rate was mainly controlled by stomatal limitation factors.

关 键 词：土壤水分 冬小麦 光合作用 叶绿素荧光 气孔 光系统 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]