可可西里四种有蹄类动物对道路的回避距离及保护建议  

Avoidance distances of four ungulates from roads in Kekexili and related protection suggestions

作　　者：连新明[1] 李晓晓[1] 徐图[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学动物科技学院,南京210095

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第1期81-86,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30900167);南京农业大学人才引进启动基金项目资助

摘　　要：对道路的回避距离是野生动物在资源利用与捕食风险之间权衡的结果。2010年6月和8月,在青藏公路沿线昆仑山口——五道梁段研究了可可西里4种有蹄类动物对道路的回避距离以及车流量对藏羚和藏原羚两个物种回避距离的影响。结果表明:野牦牛(999.00m±304.17m)、藏野驴(568.39m±83.23m)、藏羚(286.31m±26.73m)和藏原羚(176.97m±14.47m)对道路的回避距离依次递减,并存在极显著差异;藏羚和藏原羚对道路的回避距离并不受车流量的影响。设立野生动物通道、限制人类活动以及调整道路之间的距离可以降低道路对野生动物的负面影响。The avoidance distance from road is the trade-off between resources availability and predation risk of wildlife. To provide protection strategies for wild ungulates, an investigation was conducted in June and August 2010 to study the avoidance distances of the ungulates Tibetan gazelle（Procapra picticaudata）, Tibetan antelope （Pantholops hodgsonii）, Kiang （Equus kiang）, and wild yak （Bos grunniens） from Qinghai-Tibet Highway in Kekexili, and the effects of traffic flow on the avoidance distances of Tibetan gazelle and Tibetan antelope. The avoidance distances of the four ungulates decreased in the order of wild yak （999.00 m±304.17 m）, Kiang （568.39 m±8323 m）, Tibetan antelope （286.31 m±26.73 m）, and Tibetan gazelle （176.97 m±14.47 m）, and there existed significant differences among the four avoidance distances. Traffic flow had no effects on the avoidance distances of Tibetan gazelle and Tibetan antelope, which might be related to the low sensitivities of the two ungulates to the regular disturbance. It was suggested that the establishment of wildlife channels, limited human activities, and adjustment of the distances between roads would be the efficient ways to decrease the negative effects of road on wildlife.

关 键 词：有蹄类动物 道路回避 青藏公路 车流量 

分 类 号：Q958.5[生物学—动物学]