新型隐球菌性脑膜炎15例临床分析  

Cryptococcal Neoformane Meningitis: A Retrospective Clinical Study

作　　者：丛树艳[1] 吕丹[2] 赵秀兰[1] 黄达[1] 佡剑非[1] 宋利春[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属盛京医院神经内科,沈阳110003 [2]沈阳医学院沈洲医院神经内科,沈阳110010

出　　处：《中国循证医学杂志》2012年第1期116-119,共4页Chinese Journal of Evidence-based Medicine

摘　　要：目的回顾性分析15例新型隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床资料,以提高对新型隐球菌性脑膜炎的诊治水平。方法对2004～2009年期间在我院经临床和病原学确诊的15例新型隐球菌性脑膜炎患者的临床特征、治疗情况及转归进行回顾性分析。结果 15例患者中有7例曾被误诊,误诊率达46.7%。3例未应用抗真菌治疗患者全部死亡;其余12例患者首先联合应用两性霉素B/脂质体及氟康唑静脉点滴,而后续以氟康唑口服维持治疗,其中有5例再行腰大池引流术,均治愈。未行腰大池引流的7例患者中2例治愈,3例好转,2例死亡,4例遗留不同程度的听觉/视觉障碍。结论新型隐球菌性脑膜炎误诊率高,减少病死率的关键在于提高警惕,早期诊断,合理使用抗真菌药物和有效降低颅压。两性霉素B联合氟康唑治疗新型隐球菌性脑膜炎安全有效。腰大池引流能有效减轻颅高压,较快缓解症状、改善预后。Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical information of a series of patients with cryptococcal neoformans meningitis in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment level. Methods Fifteen patients with etiological diagnosis as cryptococcal neoformans meningitis from January 2004 to December 2009 in the Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were included in the study. The clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of those patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results Seven of the total 15 patients were misdiagnosed with misdiagnosis rate of 46.7%. Twelve patients were treated by combination of amphotericin B/Lipo-AMB and fluconazole intravenously infusion, and then followed by the maintenance therapy of fluconazole orally administration, of which 7 were cured, 3 were improved, and 2 died. Five patients undergoing lumbar cisterna drainage were all cured. The follow-up study showed that 4 cases were accompanied by auditory or/and visual dysfunction within 1 to 5 years after hospital discharge. Three cases died that were not treated with anti-fungal drugs. Conclusion The misdiagnosis rate of cryptococcal neoformans meningitis is high. The keys to reduce mortality are raising vigilance, early diagnosis, rational use of antifungal drugs, and effectively lowering the intracranial pressure. The integrated therapy of amphotericin B/Lipo-AMB and fluconazole is effective and safe. Lumbar cisterna drainage can effectively lower the intracranial hypertension, quickly relieve symptoms and improve prognosis.

关 键 词：新型隐球菌性脑膜炎 误诊 治疗 

分 类 号：R519[医药卫生—内科学]