基于DEM的分布式水文模型在清江流域的应用  

APPLICATION OF DEM-BASED DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODEL IN QINGJIANG RIVER BASIN

作　　者：龙海峰[1] 熊立华[1] 万民[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2012年第1期71-78,共8页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51079098);国家自然科学基金重大项目(51190094)

摘　　要：基于清江上游水布垭区域的数字高程模型(DEM)数据,提取出了研究区域水系、勾画了研究区域边界,并计算了研究区域地形指数分布。采用基于数字高程模型(DEM)的分布式水文模型(DDRM)来进行降雨-径流模拟。在Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数、洪峰相对误差、径流深相对误差等方面对基于DEM的分布式水文模型和三水源新安江模型进行了比较分析。结果表明:在径流深模拟方面新安江模型略好于DDRM,在洪峰流量及峰现时间方面DDRM略好于新安江模型,模拟的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数两者相当,总体上基于DEM的分布式水文模型和三水源新安江模型模拟效果相当。基于DEM的分布式水文模型与三水源新安江模型相比,其优点是模型结构简单、参数较少、物理过程明确,而且能够模拟流域土壤含水量和径流量的空间分布。From the DEM data of Shuibuya catchment in the Qingjiang River upstream basin,the digital river network was extracted, the basin boundary was delineated, and the topographic index distribution of this region was calculated. A DEM-based distributed hydrological model （DDRM）, which was proposed by Xiong et al. （2004）,was applied to simulate the rainfall-runoff processes in the study region. The simulation results of the DEM-based distributed model were compared with that of the Xinanjiang River model in terms of the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency,the relative errors of both peak flow and the total run- off amount. The conclusion can be drawn that the DEM-based distributed hydrological model performs as well as the Xinanjiang River model. The Xinanjiang River model,in terms of the total runoff amount simu- lation,is slightly better than the DDRM. When it refers to the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency, the two models resemble each other. However,in simulation of peak flow and the time it appears, the DDRM shows a litter better result. Compared with the Xinanjiang River model,the DEM-based distributed hydro- logical model has advantages of simple structure, parsimonious parameters, and concise description of physical process. Besides,the DEM-based distributed model has the ability to simulate the spatial distribution of soil water storage and runoff amount.

关 键 词：数字高程模型 分布式水文模型 清江 新安江模型 空间分布 

分 类 号：P33[天文地球—水文科学]