油菜作绿肥还田的培肥效应及对水稻生长的影响  

Effects of Rape Straw Manuring on Soil Fertility and Rice Growth

作　　者：王丹英[1] 彭建[1] 徐春梅[1] 赵锋[1,2] 章秀福[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所水稻生物学重点实验室,浙江杭州310006 [2]南京农业大学农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2012年第1期85-91,共7页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAD16B14);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金资助项目(2011RG006)

摘　　要：为明确油菜作绿肥对稻田土壤的培肥效应及其对后季水稻生长的影响,2004-2008年在浙江富阳进行空闲-单季稻(CK)、紫云英-单季稻(T1)、油菜收获后秸秆焚烧还田(T2)和油菜盛花期还田(T3)4种模式的定位试验。研究结果表明,油菜盛花期还田(T3)能提高土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量,培肥地力;增加稻田土壤的总孔隙度,减少容重,改善土壤物理性状;增加后季水稻生长过程中土壤的脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,从而提高供试水稻品种的产量,其中杂交稻内2优6号、两优培九、秀优5号表现为有效穗数增多,常规稻秀水09的每穗粒数增加;在光合生理指标上,油菜作绿肥还田后,水稻的叶面积指数、剑叶叶长、叶宽、叶绿素含量、光合速率、干物质积累量增加。研究结果还表明,油菜作绿肥还田是一种很好的稻田生物培肥新途径,能以远低于紫云英的生产成本取得类似的水稻增产效果。In order to definite the effects of rape straw manuring on soil fertility and after reap rice growth, four planting models were designed in year 2004- 2008 in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, China, including fallow （CK）, Chinese milk vetch（T1 ）, returing burned rape straw to field after harvest（T2）, returning in-full-blooming rape to field （T3）. The results showed that under the T3 treatment, the organic content, total N content, and total P content increased, the bulk density and soil specific gravity of the soil decreased, improving paddy field fertility, physical traits, soil urease and acid phosphates activities in after-reap rice growth period. Under T3 after-reap rice growth was improved and the yield of all rice cultivars increased. This attributes to increased number of effective panicles in hybrid rice Nei 2 you 6, Liangyoupeijiu and Xiuyou 5, and to increased number of grains per panicle in conventional rice cultivar Xiushui 5. In photosynthesis traits, after returning rape as green manure, rice leaf area index, flag leaf length, width, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and biomass all increased. Results showed returning rape as green manure to paddy field is a very good bio fertilization method.

关 键 词：油莱 绿肥 培肥 水稻 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]