长期绿肥还田对江南稻田系统生产力及抗逆性的影响  

Effects of Long-Term Green Manure Application on System Productivity and Stress Resistance of Paddy Field in the South of the Yangtze River Valley

作　　者：王莉[1] 王鑫[1] 余喜初 黄欠如 赵锋[1] 张卫建[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学应用生态研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]江西省红壤生态研究所,江西进贤331717 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2012年第1期92-100,共9页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAD16B14);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30571094);教育部新世纪优秀人才计划资助项目(NCET-05-0492)

摘　　要：依据江南丘陵地区双季稻田28年(1981-2008年)长期绿肥还田的田间定位试验和4年的养分耗竭盆栽试验,分析比较了长期不同量绿肥还田对稻田系统生产力和抗逆性的综合影响。结果表明,常量绿肥还田和高量绿肥还田处理下,早稻、晚稻和历年的全年平均籽粒产量和生物学产量及其变异系数与长期单施化肥处理差异不显著,但由于绿肥还田处理施用绿肥替代部分化肥,平均每年的化肥N、P和K投入量比单施化肥处理分别减少90.0、9.9和72.0kg/hm2。绿肥处理的双季稻全年产量呈上升趋势,而长期化肥处理则呈下降趋势,且前者的全年产量可持续性产量指数均略高于后者,常量绿肥还田下稻田系统的耐瘠能力也显著高于长期单施化肥处理。不同量绿肥还田下稻田系统生产力差异不显著,但耐瘠能力常量还田处理较高。The effects of long-term green manure application on the productivity and stress resistance of a double rice cropping system were investigated in a 28-year field experiment with different fertilizing regimes and in a 4-year pot experiment of nutrient depletion. The results showed that no significant differences were observed in the mean biomass and grain yield of early rice, late rice and the whole-year between the green manure application and the chemical fertilization treatments over the 28-ycar period, whereas green manure application decreased the rates of chemical N, P and K fertilizer application by 90.0 kg/hm^2 , 9.9 kg/hm^2 and 72.0 kg/bm^2 , respectively. The whole-year grain yield followed an increasing trend under the two green manure application treatments, while a declining trend were found under the chemical fertilization treatment. The 4-year pot experiment indicated that green manure application could enhance the resistance of the double rice cropping system to nutrient depletion, especially in the plots with moderate green manure amendment. Although there was no significant difference in the productivity of double rice cropping system between the green manure application treatments, the resistance to nutrient depletion was greater at the moderate application level than the high application level.

关 键 词：绿肥还田 稻田 生产力 抗逆性 长期试验 江南 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]