地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法  

BEAMFORMING IN SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING

作　　者：胡天跃[1] 王润秋[2] R.E.White 

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球物理系,北京100871 [2]石油大学地球科学系,北京102200 [3]UniversityofLondon,LondonWCI,UK

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2000年第1期105-115,共11页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!49604059;欧洲JOULE2计划资助项目!JOU2-CT92-0096

摘　　要：聚束滤波方法的基本原理，包括信号与噪音模型、设计准则和所获得的聚束滤波器．本文所用的自适应聚束滤波器是根据具有参数化的动校正量、振幅及相位随偏移距变化（ＭＶＯ、ＡＶＯ及ＰＶＯ）的一次反射和多次反射信号模型而设计的．但在实际应用中ＰＶＯ通常不能得到证实．结果分析能为进一步的从ＡＶＯ及ＰＶＯ获取岩石类型信息的专题研究提供资料．人工合成资料的例子给出了参数化的自适应聚束滤波的实施细节和所设计滤波器的响应特性．实际资料的例子表明数据自适应聚束滤波在叠前共中点道集地震多次波消除上比Ｒａｄｏｎ变换方法更灵活、有效．类似于其它叠前处理过程，自适应聚束滤波的优越性在信噪比较高的资料上体现得最为明显．Minimum variance unbiased (MVU) beamforming is a type ofmultichannel filtering which extracts coherent signals without distortion, whilstminimizing residual noise power. Adaptive beamforming estimates signal and noisecharacteristics as part of the extraction process. This paper gives the fundamentalprinciple of beamforming including signal and noise model, design criteria and theobtained beamformer. The adaptive beamformer used here is designed from models ofprimary and multiple reflection signals having parametrically specified moveout,amplitude and phase variation with offset (MVO, AVO and PVO). However, PVO isnot usually jushfied in practice. The resulting analysis provides data for input intoAVO and PVO schemes for obtaining lithological information. Synthetic data examplesillustrate details of implementation of parametric adaphve MVU beamforming and theresponse characterishcs of the resultaflt design. Real data examples show thatdata-adaptive beamforming is more flexible and more effective in attenuating multiplesin prestack common mid point seismic data than Radon transform methods. Incommon with other prestack multichannel processes, the advantages of beamformingare shown to best effect in data with a good signal-to-noise ratio.

关 键 词：聚束滤波 消除多次波 地震资料处理 地震勘探 

分 类 号：P631.443[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]