流域生态风险评价研究进展  

The research progress and prospect of watershed ecological risk assessment

作　　者：许妍[1] 高俊峰[2] 赵家虎[2] 陈炯锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心,大连116023 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第1期284-292,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07101-014;2008ZX07526-007);科技部基础专项(2008CB418106)

摘　　要：流域生态风险评价是流域生态环境保护与管理的重要研究内容,与一般的区域生态风险评价相比,具有其独特的流域特征。在已有研究基础上,对流域生态风险评价进行了概念界定与特征分析,并按照风险源、生态受体、生态终点的分类标准对流域生态风险评价进行了类型划分,简要评述了流域生态风险评价的相关研究主题,并尝试构建反映流域时空尺度变化规律的生态风险评价概念模型。最后针对流域生态风险评价的研究现状,重点讨论了目前存在的不足及未来的研究趋向。Watershed ecological risk assessment is an important research subject of watershed eco-environmental protection and management,which also uses distinct watershed characteristics compared with regional ecological risk assessment.In this paper,we firstly present the concept and definition of watershed ecological risk assessment based on existing research.The watershed ecological risk assessment is a complicated dynamic process,taking eco-spatial pattern formed by physical landform differentiation and hydrological process as evaluation region,in order to assess the possibility and its harmful levels of the negative influence caused by natural hazard,artificial interference as well as some other risk sources on each ecosystem and its components in the watershed.The process of ecological risk assessment has great ambiguity,uncertainty and relativity.Thus,the focal point is to investigate the relationship and ecological risk effects among the water,soil,vegetation,biodiversity as well as human activity in different hydrologic compartments of the whole watershed. Secondly,we analyze its spatial-temporal characteristics,heterogeneity,regional correlation and integrity and discuss the research hotspot region at present.Based on the properties,the quantity and the extent of risk sources,ecological receptor and ecological endpoint（defined as the damage to ecological receptor）,we divide the ecological risk assessment into several types.Through an overview of the development and related research about the watershed ecological risk assessment,the main research subjects related to watershed ecological risk assessment are classified into three kinds.The first subject is about ecological risk of freshwater system,which concerns mainly about eco-toxicological research of one or more contaminants in different compartments of the hydrologic system.The second subject is about ecological risk of natural disasters in watershed,especially the risks of flood,drought,soil erosion on the ecosystem and its components.The third subject i

关 键 词：流域 生态风险 特征 评价方法 研究进展 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]