气候变化对高寒地区旱作春小麦生态适应性的影响  

Influence of Ecological Applicability on Climate Change to Dry Land Spring Wheat in the Cold Upland

作　　者：马兴祥[1,2] 丁文魁 邓振镛[1] 魏育国 李万希 杨永龙 刘惠兰 蒋菊芳 刘海燕 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾开放实验室,兰州730020 [2]甘肃省武威农业气象试验站,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第3期41-46,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划"全球典型干旱半干旱地区气候变化及其影响"(2012CB955304);973计划"全球变化影响下我国主要陆地生态系统的脆弱性与适应性研究"(2010CB951302);科技部行业(气象)专项"农田土壤水分利用效率对气候变化的响应及适应技术"(GYHY201106029);科技部公益研究项目"西北地区旱作农业对气候变暖的响应特征及其预警和应对技术研究"(GYHY200806021-01)

摘　　要：为了探索气候变化情景下农作物种植应对措施。采用分期播种法,对高寒地区气候变化对春小麦的影响试验进行了研究。结果表明:在高寒旱作农业区不论在哪种气候年景下,早播种的春小麦全生育期日平均气温比迟播种的低。小麦全生育期气温高生育期短,气温低生育期长;全生育期间降水增加春小麦生育期延长。在春夏连旱情景下春小麦出苗率低、密度小、抗旱能力强,在伏旱情景下春小麦出苗率高,密度大,抗旱能力较弱。决定春小麦产量高低的主要时段是幼穗分化期的日平均气温和籽粒形成期的积温、降水量,幼穗分化期的日平均气温低,籽粒形成期的积温多、降水充足,产量高,反之产量低。Influence on climate change to dry land spring wheat in the cold upland was tested and studied with sowing method from 2009 to 2010.In order to explore counter measures of crops planter under climate warming background.The results showed that daily average temperature in entire period of duration of the early sowing spring wheat was lower than that of the late sowing spring wheat no matter under that kind of climate year＇s harvest in high and cold dry agricultural region.Temperature was high in entire period of duration of spring wheat that period of duration was short.Temperature was low in entire period of duration of spring wheat that period of duration was long.Precipitation increased in period of duration of spring wheat entire that period of duration extends.Rate of seedlings emergence of spring wheat was low,the density of spring wheat was small and drought resisting ability of spring wheat was strong under spring summer continually dry scene.Rate of seedlings emergence of spring wheat was high,the density of spring wheat was big and drought resisting ability of spring wheat was weak under hot summer scene.Main factors which decided height or low of spring wheat output were daily average temperature of young wheat ear idiophase and accumulated temperature and precipitation of grain formation.Daily average temperature was low in young wheat ear idiophase and accumulated temperature was high and precipitation was sufficient in grain formation,the output was high,otherwise the output was low.

关 键 词：高寒地区 旱地春小麦 生态气候条件 适应对策 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]