地膜玉米田免耕直播油菜种植方式和效益分析  

Planting Pattern and Efficiency Analysis of Rapes with No-tillage Sowing in Plastic Film Corn Field

作　　者：符明联[1] 和爱花[2] 付丽春[2] 奚俊玉[2] 王丽芳[2] 吕耀优[2] 和晖[2] 李根泽[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农科院经济作物研究所,昆明650205 [2]丽江市玉龙县农业技术推广中心,云南丽江674100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第3期202-205,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省现代农业油菜产业技术体系建设;国家科技支撑计划"油料作物抗灾与节本增效关键技术研究"(2009BADA8B01)

摘　　要：为解决西南山区地膜玉米田免耕直播油菜、在一定程度上存在的播种期土壤水分不足、地温偏低,劳动力普遍短缺,田间管理粗放的问题,通过对不同种植方式下的产量和效益比较分析,评价地膜玉米田免耕直播油菜的种植模式和可行性。结果表明,以常规翻耕栽培方式作为对照,对利用前作玉米地膜进行揭膜、破膜、留膜3种免耕栽培方式进行同田对比研究。地膜玉米田播种油菜采用破膜点播,利用残膜的保温保湿能力可达到保证全苗、促进幼苗生长的效果。苗期去除残膜中耕的免耕直播栽培方式,每公顷商品油菜籽收获产量可达4023.00kg、产值达18103.50元、纯收益8053.50元、投入产出比1:1.80。产量产值和纯收益分别比常规翻耕栽培提高18.95%和92.01%。利用破膜点播及揭膜免耕技术在干旱、低温油菜产区栽培油菜是可行的,与常规栽培方式相比,具有劳资投入少、省时省力、高产量、高产值的特点,适合大面积推广应用。Planting rapes with no-tillage sowing in plastic film corn field could solve the problems such as dryland direct-seeding rape in southwestern mountainous, such as soil water shortage at sowing time, ground temperature relatively low, labor force general deficiency, field management extensive, yield and production value respectively lower. Planting pattern and efficiency analysis of rapes in different planting patterns were studied, in order to evaluate the planting pattern and feasibility of planting rapes with no-tillage sowing in plastic film corn field. Take the general planting pattern as control, the comparative research of three planting pattern including removing membrane, breaking film, residual layer pattern were studied in the same field. The breaking film hill seeding cultivation pattern could promote the full stand of seeding and seedling growth by heat-insulating and humid-holding property of residual membrane in plastic film corn field. The yield could reach 4023.00 kg/hm 2 , by this cultivation pattern with no-tillage sowing, the production value was up to 18103.50 yuan, the net income attained 8053.50 yuan and the input-output ratio was 1：1.80. The production value and net income respectively was 18.95% and 92.01% higher than that of the conventional plow tillage cultivation pattern. It was viable to plant rape with breaking film and removing membrane, in dryland and low temperature areas. This planting pattern had the advantage of low-input, a saver of time and strength, high-yield, high-value and in favor of spread and exploitation in large area.

关 键 词：地膜玉米 油菜 免耕栽培 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]