大型建材家居类商场的人员安全疏散研究  

Study on safety evacuation in Large-scale malls for building materials and furnitures

作　　者：赵军[1] 石凯[2] 姚斌[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区公安消防总队,呼和浩特市010010 [2]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《火灾科学》2011年第4期206-215,共10页Fire Safety Science

摘　　要：大型建材家居类商场存在建筑面积大,人员密度小,所需疏散宽度小等特点,这类商场往往存在两方面问题:①为满足2层以上楼层对疏散距离的需要,致使首层部分楼梯的疏散出口不能直通室外以及疏散距离过长;②为满足疏散出口直通室外,楼梯沿建筑外墙布置,致使某些楼层的一些区域的疏散距离过长。对比了国家规范和地方规范对人员密度规定的差异,提出了系统的解决方案:①对于设有中庭的商场,应控制人员数量,强化中庭的消防安全设计将其设置为"准安全区",严格控制中庭以及消防通道的可燃物量,保证疏散通道顺畅;②对于楼梯沿建筑外墙布置的商场,应控制人员数量,设置借用出口,发生火灾的防火分区的人员通过相邻防火分区进行疏散。采用数值模拟方法验证了解决方案的合理性。The large-scale malls for building materials and furnitures genearlly involve large construction area, small personnel density and small evacuation width, leading to some safety problems. For example, for the need of evacuation distance in floors above the second layer, the evacuation exits of some stairs in the first floor cannot be designed to be directly in the face of the outside, and usually the first floor involves too long evacuation distance. In other cases, in order to make the evacuation exits of the stairs directly face the outside, the stairs are sometimes arranged along the exterior walls, causing excessive evacuation dis- tance in some areas. This paper compares the different provisions of personnel density between national standards and local reg- ulations, and then proposes systematic solutions. Firstly, for the malls with atriums, we should control the personnel number, strengthen the fire safety design of atrium by designing it as a quasi-safety zone. The amount of combustible in the atrium and fire channel should also be controlled strictly. In this way, it is easily to make the evacuation routes be unobstructed. Secondly, for the stairs along the exterior walls, we should control the personnel number and design the borrowed exits between the neighboring fire districts. By this means the people in the fire district can be evacuated to the neighboring fire districts. The solutions are also verified by numerical simulations.

关 键 词：大型建材家居商场 建筑面积大 人员密度小 准安全区 借用出口 

分 类 号：TU247[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]