不同粒径砂砾石覆盖对砂田西瓜土壤微生物和酶活性的影响  

Variation of Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities in Gravel-sand Mulching Soil with Different Particle Sizes of Watermelon Field

作　　者：康恩祥[1] 何宝林[1] 刘晓伟[1] 邵存应[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省庄浪县林业局

出　　处：《长江蔬菜》2011年第24期52-54,共3页Journal of Changjiang Vegetables

摘　　要：为分析不同粒径砂砾石覆盖对砂田西瓜土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响,2010年在位于黄土丘陵半干旱区的甘肃省庄浪县万泉镇境内进行了不同粒径砂砾石覆盖土壤特性研究。研究结果表明,与露地对照相比,砂砾石覆盖明显改善土壤中的根际微生物区系,显著提高各类微生物数量,增强酶活性;各粒径砂砾石覆盖下的土壤微生物数均为细菌>放线菌>真菌数;豆砂覆盖(处理B)下细菌数最多,毛砂覆盖(处理A)下放线菌和真菌数最多,卵石覆盖(处理C)下各微生物量均最少。各粒径砂砾石覆盖均为氨化菌>纤维素分解菌>硝化菌,以毛砂覆盖下,3种菌的数量最多,豆砂次之,卵石最少。脲酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶活性以豆砂覆盖后的最高,毛砂次之,卵石最小。We conducted the trial to study the variation of microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the gravel-sand mulching soil with different particle sizes of watermelon field in the Loess Plateau of northwest China in 2010. The trial involved three levels of gravel-sand diameter： 1-3 mm （A）, 10-20 mm （B）, 80-120 mm （C）, with the no gravel and sand mulching as the control （CK）. All the treatments were randomized with three replications. The results showed that, compared to the control, the gravel-sand mulching treatments could significantly increased the soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities, and the order of the micro-organisms quantity in the soil covered by the gravel-sand was as follows： bacteria〉actinomyeetea〉 fungi, ammonifier〉eellulose decomposing bactefia〉nitrobacteria. There was most bacteria in the treatment B, and there were most actinomycetea and fungi in the treatment A, while there was the least microbial biomass in the treatment C. The order of the quantity of ammonifier, cellulose decomposing bacteria and nitrobacteria was as follows： treatment A〉treatment B〉treatment C. The treatment B possessed the highest activities of urease, dextrose, proteinase and phosphatase, and the treatment A and C took the second and the third place respectively.

关 键 词：西瓜 砂覆盖 土壤微生物量 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]