地表饮用水源地安全指数及快速评价方法  

Surface Drinking Water Source Safety Index and Water Source Rapid Assessment Method

作　　者：姚延娟[1] 吴传庆[1] 王雪蕾[1] 张永军[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部卫星环境应用中心,北京100094

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2012年第1期186-190,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(NSFC40801125);国家"水体污染控制与治理"重大科技专项(2009ZX07527-6)

摘　　要：饮用水水源保护是关系国计民生的重大问题,水源地安全监测与评价是进行水源地保护的基础,通常采用的‘自下而上’的调查监测方式,时效性不强并且工作量大。结合遥感数据的时空分辨率高、覆盖面积大、获取数据便捷的特点,文章提出的地表水源地的安全指数,从利用地表水体监测数据与遥感数据各自优势的角度出发,实现对水源地进行快速动态监测。通过对地表水源地的水质、水量、水环境、环境安全监管等四个方面进行监测,构建指标体系,运用模糊数学和层次分析方法,基于水源地安全评价指数对水源地安全进行全面评价,实现对水源地全面及时的监测,为管理工作提供依据。并且,本方案在了解水源地整体安全性的基础上,可以进一步掌握水源地的安全隐患,从而制定合理措施对水源地进行有效保护。最后以密云水库水源地流域为例进行了方法验证。Protection of drinking water source is major issue for national economy and people＇s livelihood.It is the basis for protection of drinking water to monitor and evaluate the drinking water source.Timeliness is not good and workload is huge when using usually investigation method namely bottom to top monitoring.Drinking water source safety index was proposed,based on use of surface water monitoring data and remote sensing data with high temporal/spatial resolution and wide coverage in the perspective of their strengths,to achieve fast dynamic monitoring of drinking water sources.Through monitoring for water quality,water quantity,water environment,environmental safety supervision,drinking water source safety is assessed through the proposed index system,fuzzy mathematical method,level of analysis and water source safety index.It is feasible to achieve a comprehensive and timely monitoring for surface drinking water source,which is important for management.Based on understanding the overall safety of drinking water source,security risks can be recognized and reasonable control measures to protect water sources can be adopted.Miyun Reservoir watershed was taken as a case study to validate the proposed method.

关 键 词：饮用水源地 水源地安全指数 监测 评价 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]