近海水动力要素对入侵台风响应的FVCOM数值模拟研究  

Coastal hydrodynamic elements' response to the invaded typhoons by FVCOM simulation

作　　者：王坚红[1,2] 耿姗姗[1,2] 苗春生[1,2] 冯呈呈[1,2] 龚茂珣[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学大气科学学院,南京210044 [3]国家海洋局东海预报中心,上海200081

出　　处：《气象科学》2011年第6期694-703,共10页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(40776017);国家908海洋综合调查专项子课题(2654);国家908扩展项目(908-01-BC21);淮河流域气象开放基金(20080170);南京信息工程大学科研基金项目(QD45);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：基于无结构三角网格和有限体积法的FVCOM区域海洋模式,建立了长江口、杭州湾三维典型风暴潮研究模型。首先对研究海域模拟的潮汐潮流要素进行验证和讨论,结果表明:该模式可较好的再现长江口杭州湾的水动力状况;其次统计并分析近年来影响长江口杭州湾海域的22个台风个例,归纳出两类直接入侵长江口、杭州湾并造成显著增减水的台风:正面登陆型与沿海北上型。在此基础上建立两种典型风暴潮模型(台风原型为TC9806和TC0012)。模拟的海域水动力要素对台风的响应显示:风暴潮过程中海表余水位在近岸出现显著增、减水,去除潮汐成分的余水位增水可高达近1 m。台风强风场引导表层余流的流向,主导表层余流流速,与岸界地形及径流综合作用,在台风前部强风驱动下,其下表层余流形成急流带,流速可达1～1.5 m/s。垂直方向上余流最大梯度出现在近岸浅水区5～6 m深度。台风过程造成了海表急流动量下传,深度直达海底。Based on the unstructured grids and finite-volume coastal ocean model （FVCOM）, a three-dimensional storm surge model was built in the Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay for typical ty- phoon events. Firstly the simulated tidal characteristics and water dynamic elements were verified for the coastal area, and the results showed that the application of the model to the area was satisfactory. Secondly, 22 typhoons which influenced the Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay were analyzed and statisti- cally calculated. Typhoons which invaded directly the sified into two types from the 22 typhoons, namely the Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay could be clas- immediate landing and the moving northward alongthe coast. Their prototypes were typhoon No. 9806 and No. 0012. The simulated results showed that during the storm surge the coastal residual water elevation was influenced by typhoons, and it could get to nearly 1 m. The surface residual currents could generate the jet which mainly resulted from the combined action of the strong wind of typhoon, coast obstruction and river runoff, the jet speed could reach 1 - 1.5 m/s. The maximum gradient of residual current in vertical section happened in offshore area of shallow water a- bout 5 -6 m in deep. The momentum of sea surface jet caused by typhoon transferring downwards could get to the bottom of the sea.

关 键 词：风暴潮 台风入侵 水动力要素响应 FVCOM数值模拟 

分 类 号：P47[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]