不同施肥模式对芋艿产量及菜地土壤中氮素迁移累积的影响  

Dynamics and transport of soil inorganic nitrogen in vegetable lands with various fertilization modes in the region of Taihu Lake

作　　者：田琳琳[1] 庄舜尧[2] 杨浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学院,江苏南京210046 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第12期1853-1859,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水专项(2008ZX07101-006-06)

摘　　要：以太湖流域的临安市太湖源镇具有代表性的大田蔬菜地为研究对象,通过9种不同施肥量模式的田间试验,探讨芋艿Colocasia esculenta L.Schoot季蔬菜地速效氮在土壤中的动态变化、剖面垂直分布及累积,了解施肥措施对蔬菜种植的生态及环境影响。各施肥处理均能提高芋艿产量,但增加幅度因施肥措施不同而不同,适量施肥已满足芋艿生长对养分的需求,继续增施对边际产量的增效不明显。在芋艿生长过程中,不同施肥模式下土壤中的铵态氮、硝态氮、速效氮质量分数动态变化的趋势不同;芋艿收获后,硝态氮、铵态氮、速效氮在土壤剖面中质量分数的垂直分布因氮肥投入水平的不同而有所差异;土壤剖面中速效氮的累积量与氮肥投入密切相关;综合评价来看,低量控释肥+低量化肥是各施肥模式中比较具经济效益、环境效益的合理施肥模式;因而,在实际蔬菜生产中,要适量施用氮肥,适当采用混合施肥模式如低量控释肥+低量化肥,防止因过量施用氮肥而导致硝态氮的过量累积及其带来的水环境污染等环境问题。A taro （Colocasia esculenta L. Schoot） experiment was conducted in the region of Taihu Lake to investigate the effects of various nitrogen （N） fertilization modes on the economic and ecological aspects of the taro production. The experimentation was located on Taihuyuan Town of Lin-an city, Zhejiang province. The dynamics, vertical distribution and accumulation of available N were analyzed during the taro growth period. Results showed that N fertilization increased the yield of taro, but the increase rate depended on various fertilization measures. Only a reasonable rate of N fertilizer could improve the taro yield efficiently, the higher N application rate decreased the marginal fertilization effect. After the taro harvested, the distribution pattern of nitrate, ammonium and available N in the soil profiles varied with various fertilization modes. The amount of available N accumulation in soil was re- lated closely to N input. Synthetically in evaluation, the treatment of low control release N ＋ low urea had the best economic and environmental effects. Therefore, a reasonable N application mode would be benefit to improve the vegetable yield, avoiding N waste and decreasing the environment pollution risk.

关 键 词：蔬菜地 铵态氮 硝态氮 速效氮 动态变化 累积量 

分 类 号：S147.3[农业科学—肥料学] S153.61[农业科学—农业基础科学]