城市化对土壤呼吸作用影响的研究进展  

Review of effects of urbanization on soil respiration

作　　者：侯颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]商丘师范学院生命科学学院,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第12期1945-1949,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(90511008)

摘　　要：土壤呼吸是指土壤产生CO2的所有代谢作用,是碳素由陆地生态系统进入大气的主要途径和大气CO2的重要来源,是影响全球碳循环的途径之一,它的变化可能会对大气CO2浓度产生显著的影响。城市化的推进引起世界范围内土地利用/覆盖方式的变化,这种变化对土壤的理化性质、生物学特性等产生深刻影响,从而影响土壤的呼吸作用。因此,研究城市化引起的土壤呼吸变化对于精确地估测陆地碳循环有着重要意义。国外在20世纪90年代就开始了城乡梯度上土壤碳动态的研究,而我国在这这方面的研究还处在起步阶段,尤其是关于由自然土壤转变为城市土壤后,土壤呼吸变化的机制研究较少。已有的研究表明,在干旱和半干旱地区,城市化引起土壤呼吸降低,而非干旱区则相反。此外,城市化过程中,土壤呼吸变化的方向和强度因所处的气候区域、利用的土地来源、城市内部的土地利用方式及植被类型的不同等而存在差异,但仍存在许多不确定的影响因素,如与气候变化的耦合作用等。因此,在未来城市化过程对土壤呼吸作用的研究中,应加强土壤呼吸作用的直接影响因子和间接影响因子、时空差异及其他更精细的研究。Soil respiration, which refers to a set of soil carbon processes representing the major source of atmosphere CO2, plays an important role in global carbon cycle as the major path for carbon from terrestrial to atmosphere. The increase in urbanization globally accompanied by land use/coverage change will change soil physical and chemical properties and also biological processes which will further influence soil respiration. Therefore, the changes in soil respiration caused by urbanization play a key role inestimating terrestrial carbon cycle accurately. Great concern about soil carbon dynamics was given to the urban-rural land use gradient since 1990s, while related research work is in its infancy in China, especially in the filed of the driven mechanisms under these changes. Previous studies indicated that urbanization had negative effect on soil respiration compared to suburb area in arid and semi-arid region. While opposite results were found in wet region. Furthermore, great difference happens to the direction andmagnitude of soil respiration, which depends on local climate, origin of utilized soil, land use type and vegetation communities. But many uncertain factors still exists like the interaction between soil processes and complex climate system. Therefore, as to the soil respiration under urbanization, more attention should be given to direct and indirect environment, temporal and spatial variation and other possible factors.

关 键 词：城市化 土壤呼吸 土地利用方式 植被类型 气候变化 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]