斑痣悬茧蜂的寄主辨别能力及其影响因素  

Host discrimination ability and the influencing factors in Meteorus pulchricornis(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)

作　　者：张博[1] 冯素芳[1] 黄露[1] 孟玲[1] 李保平[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院,农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2011年第12期1391-1398,共8页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30871670);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103032)

摘　　要：为评价斑痣悬茧蜂Meteorus pulchricornis(Wesmael)的寄主辨别能力及其影响因素,采用双选试验(斜纹夜蛾2龄寄主幼虫,健康∶被寄生=5∶5),观察了寄生经历(无寄生经历、有1次寄生经历、有1次过寄生经历)和寄主被首次寄生后的间隔时间(1-7d)对斑痣悬茧蜂在健康寄主和被寄生寄主之间的选择;为探究斑痣悬茧蜂是否能够辨别寄主斑块质量,观察了斑痣悬茧蜂连续3次访问不同质量寄主斑块(被寄生寄主∶健康寄主分别为2∶8,5∶5和8∶2)时的产卵刺扎次数。对选择频次进行的分析表明,寄主被首次寄生后的间隔时间和寄生蜂的寄生经历均对过寄生发生有显著影响(P<0.05),过寄生概率随寄主首次被寄生后的间隔时间延长而降低;有寄生经历的寄生蜂发生过寄生的概率低于无寄生经历的寄生蜂。用Cox比例风险模型对寄主辨别时间进行的分析表明,发生过寄生的风险随寄主被初次寄生后间隔时间的延长而减小,也因寄生蜂具有过寄生经历而减小。斑痣悬茧蜂在连续3次访问不同质量寄主斑块中,产卵刺扎次数随寄主斑块的质量提高而显著增多。据此推论,斑痣悬茧蜂不仅能够辨别被寄生寄主,而且能够辨别含有被寄生寄主的寄主斑块。To gain insights into mechanisms of superparasitization in Meteorus pulchricornis（Wesmael）,dual-choice tests were performed to observe preferences of the parasitoid between healthy and parasitized hosts,Prodenia litura（Fabricius）（healthy：parasitized 2nd instar larvae=5：5）,as affected by parasitization experiences（three levels：no parasitization experience,parasitization once,superparasitization once） and interval-time（1-7 d） elapsed after single parasitization;a repeated measures design was exercised to observe oviposition stings during three successive visits to host patches of different quality as measured by the proportion of parasitized hosts（2,5,and 8 parasitized hosts among 10 hosts,respectively） in a patch.The analysis results of preferences showed that the probability of superparasitization was significantly affected by parasitization experiences of parasitoids and time interval after single parasitization,and it was decreased with the time interval and parasitization experience.The Cox model was fitted to the discrimination time prior to oviposition,and the results indicated that the hazard of superparasitization diminished both with extending of the interval time after single parasitization and with the parasitoid experience of superparasitization.The trials on parasitization during visits to host-patches of different qualities showed that the number of oviposition stings increased with the quality of host patch.The results suggest that M.pulchricornis can discriminate not only parasitized hosts,but also host patches with single parasitized hosts.

关 键 词：斑痣悬茧蜂 寄生行为 过寄生 学习 寄主辨别 辨别时间 寄主斑块质量 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]