气象台站环境的卫星遥感调查与评估——以安徽代表气象站为例  

Study of Observational Environment of Meteorological Station based Remote Sensing——Cases in Six Stations of Anhui Province

作　　者：杨元建[1,2] 石涛[3] 唐为安[4] 吴必文[1] 荀尚培[1] 张宏群[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省气象科学研究所安徽省大气科学与卫星遥感重点实验室,安徽合肥230031 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室,北京100029 [3]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [4]安徽省气候中心,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2011年第6期791-797,共7页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项(2007FY110700);安徽省国际科技合作计划项目(07080703005)共同资助

摘　　要：气象观测环境的保护与代表性在天气预报和气候变化研究中具有重要意义。利用多时相的高分辨率陆地卫星资料,结合GIS技术,提取了气象台站3km缓冲区内的土地利用类型,并将其分为四大类:耕地、植被、水体和城建用地。选取了安徽省6个气象站作为代表,分析了其周边土地类型的时空变化特征,并应用于气象站点环境代表性的评价研究。结果表明,基于卫星遥感的气象站点缓冲区内土地利用类型时空演变能很好地应用于气象站的环境代表性调查与评估,且效果良好。遥感结果显示安徽省国家气候基准站的环境代表性较好,而受到城市化影响严重的合肥国家基本站环境代表性较差。此外,上述卫星遥感的气象站环境分析方法也可以有效地应用于城市热岛研究中参考站点的选取与判别。Meteorological observations environments and their representatives play important roles in weather forecast and climate change research.Based on high-resolution multi-temporal Landsat satellite data with land-based GIS technology,four Landsat-based land use/land cover types were identified and used around the meteorological station,including：construction land（urban and built-up）,water,cultivated land and vegetation（forest and grass）.The method that using satellite remote sensing survey and assessment of the environment of meteorological station was presented,and then it was applied to study the representativeness of 6 meteorological stations environment in Anhui province.The results showed that temporal and spatial variations of land use types from satellite-based remote sensing could be well applied to surveying and assessing the variations of meteorological stations environment in the meteorological stations buffer zones.The above survey and assessment had good effects with the facts.The effects show that the representativeness of national climatic stations environments in Anhui province were better,while the representativeness of national basic station environment in Hefei city was not good due to the impact of itself urbanization.This work provided convincing evidences that a remote-sensing method for analyzing the representativeness of meteorological stations was proven to be robust and applicable.In addition,it was very useful to identify the reference and urban stations locations that using the landsat images when we evaluated urbanization effect on surface air temperature trends.

关 键 词：气象台站 探测环境 遥感 LANDSAT 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]