地基微波辐射计资料在降水分析中的应用  

Apply of Ground-based Microwave Radiometer Observation in Precipitation Events

作　　者：敖雪[1,2] 王振会[1,2] 徐桂荣[3] 翟晴飞[4] 潘旭光 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学大气物理学院,南京210044 [3]中国气象局武汉暴雨研究所,武汉430074 [4]沈阳中心气象台,沈阳110001 [5]山东省烟台市气象局,烟台264003

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2011年第4期358-365,共8页Torrential Rain and Disasters

基　　金：中国气象局武汉暴雨研究所暴雨研究开放基金(IHR2009K01);青海省三江源人工增雨工程科技支撑项目联合资助

摘　　要：利用武汉MP-3000A型地基微波辐射计,采集降水前大气水汽含量和云液态水含量数据,结合历史观测的气象资料,详细分析了降水前一小时大气水汽含量、云液态水含量的分布和演变与降水的关系,结果表明:1)大雨开始前一刻对应的V(大气水汽含量)值≥6.5 cm,中雨对应的V值接近6 cm,小雨对应的V值在5～6 cm之间;2)V值超过5 cm,L(云液态水含量)值超过1 mm可以作为判断降水临近的一个参考指标;3)降水开始前一小时,大气水汽含量的增长大致分为平稳增长和先增长到一个峰值然后下降,在临近降水前5～10 min又再次跃增这两种情况;4)将各量级降水前一小时的L、V值去除背景值后可发现,L值的大小、波动范围及波动趋势基本无变化;V值的大小和波动范围有所减小,但其波动趋势无明显变化;5)将数据做FFT变换后,V、L值在第一个转折点处表现出的不同特征可作为判断降水临近的一个指标。With the collected data of vapor content and cloud liquid water content before precipitation by the MP-3000A in Wuhan and the meteorological data of historical observations,the distribution and evolution of atmospheric vapor,cloud liquid water and vapor density,and their relationship with precipitation one hour before precipitation were analyzed.The results show that： 1） Before the start of the heavy rain,V（vapor content） value ≥ 6.5 cm,the value of V corresponding to moderate rain was close to 6 cm,the V value corresponding to light rain was between 5~6 cm;2） The V value exceeds to 5 cm and the L value（cloud liquid water content） exceeds to 1 mm could be used as an indicator of close to precipitation;3） One hour before the start of precipitation,the growth of vapor content could be divided into two condition： one grew steadily and the other increased first to a peak and then declined,and increased again a few minutes before precipitation;4） After the removal of background values of L、V one hour before precipitation,the value fluctuation range and trend of L basically have no change;the value of V and its fluctuation range decreased,but the fluctuation trend had no significant change;5） After the Fast Fourier Transform,the different characters of V and L value in the first turning point could be used as an indicator of approaching precipitation.

关 键 词：微波辐射计 大气水汽含量 云液态水含量 降水 统计特征 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]