临泽绿洲农田土壤肥力质量时空变化特征  

Spatio-temporal Changes of Cropland Soil Fertility Quality in Linze Oasis,Gansu,China

作　　者：刘文杰[1,2] 苏永中[1] 陈生云[2] 杨荣[1] 王雪峰[1] 范桂萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所临泽内陆河流域研究站/黑河生态水文与流域科学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/祁连山冰川与生态环境观测研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2012年第1期132-139,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家基础研究重大项目(2009CB421 302);国家自然科学基金项目(41171054;40901040);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所人才基金项目;中国博士后科学基金项目(201104347);甘肃省自然科学研究基金项目(0803RJZA037)资助

摘　　要：干旱区荒漠绿洲农田土壤肥力质量的研究是绿洲功能和生产力评价的一个重要方面。通过1982年和2008年临泽绿洲农田287个样点耕层土壤(0～20cm)有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾数据,利用地理信息系统和地统计学分析手段,研究了26a来土壤肥力质量的变化特征。结果表明,研究区土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量为13.8g.kg-1、0.81g.kg-1、64.4mg.kg-1、32.3mg.kg-1、199mg.kg-1,较1982年分别提高了13.5%、7.8%、9.3%、225.6%和26.8%;土壤肥力指标的变异性较大,变异系数均大于25%;模糊数学综合评价方法适合研究区土壤肥力质量评价,土壤肥力质量综合值由1982年的强度空间变异发展为中等空间变异;根据全国农业地力等级划分标准,研究区土壤属于4、5、6、7级,较1982年的土壤肥力呈上升趋势。土壤肥力综合值分布图可以为该区域土壤资源的合理利用提供理论依据。An understanding of soil fertility and its change in oasis cropland plays crucial role in sustainable development of agriculture in arid areas.Geographical information system and geo-statistics were employed to reveal spatial and temporal variability of soil fertility quality in topsoil（0~20 cm） in Linze oasis cropland in northwestern of China during 1982—2008.Soil fertility quality indices in 287 soil samples in the study area included soil organic matter（SOM）,total N,available N,available P,and available K.Results showed that concentrations of SOM,total N,available N,available P,and available K were 13.8 g·kg-1,0.81 g·kg-1,64.4 mg·kg-1,32.3 mg·kg-1,199 mg·kg-1,respectively,and they increased from 1982 to 2008 by 13.5%,7.8%,9.3%,225.6%,and 26.8%,respectively.The variation coefficients of soil fertility indicators were more than 25%.Fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method is a valuable tool for evaluation of soil fertility quality in the study area.The integrated soil fertility quality developed from an intensive spatial variability in 1982 into a moderate spatial variability.The soil fertility quality in 2008 in the study area were 4,5,6 and 7 grades based on national agricultural soil fertility grading standards,and there were increasing trends for soil fertility compared with in 1982.Distribution map of integrated soil fertility quality in the study provides new insights in the reasonable utilization of soil resources.

关 键 词：绿洲农田 土壤肥力质量 地统计学 地理信息系统 空间变异性 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]