青海省巴音河流域LUCC遥感调查及驱动分析  

Remote Sensing Monitoring and Driving Factor Analysis on Land Use and Land Cover Changes of Bayin River Basin in Qinghai Province

作　　者：严应存[1] 校瑞香[1] 肖建设[1] 刘宝康[1] 李甫[1] 伏洋[1] 郭广[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省气象科学研究所,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2012年第1期276-283,共8页Journal of Desert Research

摘　　要：利用1988年、2006年的LandSat-TM遥感数据及气候因子数据,用灰色关联度法分析了青海省巴音河流域土地利用/土地覆盖现状、18a来的变化趋势及其气候驱动,并定性分析了社会驱动。结果表明,1980—2007年间年降水量以12.9mm/10a的幅度波动增加;日照时数以83.3h/10a的幅度减少;年平均气温、地温分别以0.6℃/10a和0.8℃/10a的幅度波动升高。在这样的气候背景下,未利用土地分布最广,占面积的71.43%。1988年至2006年间,土地利用/土地覆盖变化为城镇用地、农业用地和天然草地面积增加;未利用土地面积也增加,其中裸岩、荒地、盐碱地、沙地面积明显增加,分别增加6.28km2.a-1、5.82km2.a-1、2.76km2.a-1和0.21km2.a-1;而不同类型的湿地生态面积呈退缩趋势,其中冰川、湖泊、苇地、沼泽、河流的面积退缩明显,分别减少12.13km2.a-1、0.43km2.a-1、0.41km2.a-1、0.27km2.a-1和0.21km2.a-1。可以看出,生态环境呈退化趋势。日照时数和降水与各类型生态面积的关联度变化大,分别在0.667～0.997和0.668～0.986之间,气温次之,关联度在0.669～0.835之间,地温最小,在0.667～0.856之间。大部分类型的生态面积变化其驱动因素主要为降水,其次为日照时数,气温和地温影响较小。不合理的社会用水促进了土地的荒漠化。Based on Landsat-TM remote sensing images of 1988 and 2006 and climatic data during 1980—2007,the present condition,trends and driving factors of land use and land cover change（LUCC） in Bayin river basin of Qinghai Province were studied.Results showed that,from 1980 to 2007,precipitation increased by 12.9 mm/10a,sunshine duration reduced by 83.3 h/10a,and the average annual temperature and the 0-cm ground temperature increased by 0.6 ℃/10a and 0.8 ℃/10a in Bayin River Basin.In such a climate background,unused land was most widely distributed,the area of unused land accounted for 71.43 percent of the area of the Bayin River Basin.From 1980 to 2007,urban land,agricultural land and grassland area increased;unused land area also increased,among the unused lands,bare rock,wasteland,salt-alkali land,sandy land area significantly increased,and their increase rates were 6.28,5.82,2.76 km2·a-1 and 0.21 km2·a-1,respectively.Wetland areas decreased,in which,glacier,lake,reed land,marsh and river areas significantly decreased,and the decrease rates were 12.13,0.43,0.41,0.27 km2·a-1 and 0.21 km2·a-1,respectively.The grey relationship coefficients of sunshine duration or precipitation with various types land area of Bayin River Basin were in range of 0.667~0.997 and 0.668~0.986,respectively;the grey relationship coefficients of temperature or 0-cm ground temperature with various types land area were relatively 0.669~0.835 and 0.667~0.856.Precipitation is the main driving factor of ecological area changes,which followed by sunshine duration,temperature and 0-cm ground temperature.Unreasonable use of water has promoted land desertification in Bayin river basin.

关 键 词：土地利用/土地覆盖变化 巴音河流域 遥感调查 驱动分析 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]