烟草熏蒸散气过程磷化氢暴露水平及危害特征研究  

STUDY ON THE PHOSPHINE EXPOSURE LEVELS AND HARM CHARACTERISTICS ON TOBACCO FUMIGATION AND SCATTERED GAS PROCESS

作　　者：张建中[1] 陈发明[1] 喻泽林[1] 叶青[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省长沙市疾病预防控制中心,长沙410001

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2012年第2期284-286,289,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]探讨某烟草仓储库在常规熏蒸杀虫及开仓通风散气过程中,不同时段工作场所空气中磷化氢(H3P)浓度变化、劳动者接触水平及危害特征,为职业安全和健康管理提供依据。[方法]通过职业卫生学调查和现场试验,采用与熏蒸和散气过程同步采样方法,采取不同时段空气中H3P浓度,结合接触者健康资料进行分析。[结果](1)磷化铝(AlP)单位投放量按库内容积为0.2～0.5g/m3不等;(2)库内各楼层熏蒸浓度分别设计为20～120ppm;(3)熏蒸时熏蒸岗位H3P浓度范围为3.12～17.9mg/m3;(4)开仓散气前库内各楼层H3P浓度分别为34.1～70.0ppm;(5)通风散气48h以后库内H3P的浓度逐步下降至国家职业接触限值,至168h时H3P浓度低于检出限。[结论]烟草熏蒸职业目标疾病是预防急性H3P中毒,控制熏蒸过程是控制H3P危害的关键措施,入库作业前检测H3P浓度是预防中毒的基本措施。[Objective]To explore the variation of H3P concentration in the workplace and Laborer exposure levels and endanger the characteristic during the warehouse tobacco fumigation and scattered gas process,and provide the basis managements of occupational safety and health.[Methods]Through professional hygienic survey and field tests,typical subjects were selected and H3P concentrations in the workplace were measured using synchronous sampling method.We analyzed the health data combined with the close contact people.[Results]（1）The used AlP dose were concentrations were 0.2-0.5 g/m3.（2）The H3P concentrations were 20~120 ppm during fumigation.（3）The H3P concentrations were 3.12~17.9 mg/m3 at the fumigation operation position.（4）The H3P concentrations were 34.1-70.0 ppm before the warehouse opened and ventilated.（5）The H3P concentrations inside the warehouse gradually decreased to occupational exposure limits after 48h of natural ventilation,and 100% of the samples were detected less than the detection limit after 168h of natural ventilation.[Conclusion]The Occupational disease of tobacco fumigation is to prevent acute phosphine poisoning,and the key measures is controlled H3P harm of control fumigation process,and the basic measures of prevent poisoning is to detect H3P concentration entering the warehouse before operation.

关 键 词：烟草熏蒸 磷化氢 暴露水平 危害特征 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]