人工集鱼装置对热带金枪鱼类行为模式的影响  

Impact of fish aggregation devices on tropical tuna’s behavioral pattern: A review

作　　者：王学昉[1] 朱国平[1,2,3] 孙满昌[1,2,3] 许柳雄[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]大洋生物资源开发和利用上海市高校重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2012年第1期278-284,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：上海市科委重点攻关计划项目(073205110);上海市重点学科建设项目(S30702);国家自然科学基金项目(41006106);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金新教师基金项目(20093104120005);上海市青年科技启明星计划项目(11QA1403000);大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(B82110900031)资助

摘　　要：金枪鱼类会聚集在漂浮物周围,人类依据该行为特性研制出人工集鱼装置(fish aggregation devices,FADs)诱集金枪鱼,从而使金枪鱼围网的产量和捕捞效率大幅提高.但目前科学界仍不确定FADs为何能够吸引金枪鱼以及其广泛使用是否会对金枪鱼资源和大洋中上层生态系统产生潜在影响.针对这些问题,国外学者展开了大量以FADs周围金枪鱼为研究对象的个体行为学试验.本文归纳并整理了过去30多年中较可靠和经典的相关试验,从金枪鱼的趋向性行为、集群行为、随附行为、摄食行为和垂直移动行为5个方面分别阐述了漂流FADs和锚泊FADs下金枪鱼的行为模式,并对国内今后开展相关研究的重点方向和注意事项进行了展望.Tuna prefers to aggregate around floating objects. Based on this behavioral characteristic, people developed fish aggregation devices （FADs） to trap tuna, and made the catch and fishing efficiency of tuna purse seine fisheries improved greatly. However, there still exist uncertainties whether the FADs can attract tuna and what’s the potential impact of widely applying FADs in tuna purse seine fishery on tuna resources and oceanic pelagic ecosystem. Aiming at these uncertainties, scientists conducted a great deal experiments to study the behavioral biology of tuna around FADs. This paper reviewed the related classic and more credible experiments in the past 30 years, and summed up five behavioral patterns of the tunas around drifting and anchored FADs, i.e., tropism behavior, schooling behavior, association behavior, feeding behavior, and vertical movement pattern. The related main research methods currently in use were introduced, and the issues on this subject needed to be paid great attention to were discussed.

关 键 词：热带金枪鱼 漂流FADs 锚泊FADs 鱼类行为 标志放流实验 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]