高速公路边坡不同乡土灌木建植模式的产流·产沙特征研究  

Features of Runoff and Sediment Yield of Different Shrub Combination Modes for Highway Side Slope in Hilly Areas of Central Sichuan Province

作　　者：李妮[1,2] 陈其兵[1] 谭昌明[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学风景园林学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川省交通运输厅公路规划勘察设计研究院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2012年第3期1621-1623,1864,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技攻关支撑项目(2006BAC01A11);四川农业大学211工程双支计划

摘　　要：[目的]优化和筛选出具有较好水土保持效益的乡土植物以供乡土植物灌木化建植所选用。[方法]以川中丘陵区遂资眉高速公路为例,以路线规划植物调查结果排序为基础,筛选出慈竹、黄荆、马桑3种乡土灌木和狗尾草、芒、艾3种乡土草本植物。采用人工模拟降雨试验研究了不同配置模式和种植配比试验小区在恒定雨强(20 mm/min)下的产流、产沙特征。[结果]不同配置模式在恒定雨强下均表现出优于对照组的水土保持效益,产流水时间推迟1'～4'05″,产沙量分别减少6.56～33.86 g;各配置模式间恒定雨强降雨20min后产流、产沙总量差异显著,黄荆+狗尾草模式产流、产沙总量最低,分别为1 700 ml和60.71 g;马桑+艾产流、产沙量最高,分别为1 920 ml和84.02 g。[结论]在边坡条件、播种量等建植条件与建植措施一致的条件下,川中丘陵区乡土植物黄荆和狗尾草组合可显著提高高速公路的边坡水土保持能力。[Objective] Indigenous plants with favorable water and soil conservation effects were screened for the shrub planting.[Method] Suining-Ziyang-Meishan Highway in the hilly areas of central Sichuan Province was taken for example,through sorting out plant species investigated in the route planning,3 indigenous shrub species（Neosinocalamus affinis,Vitex negundo and Coriaria nepalensis） and 3 indigenous herbaceous species（Setaria viridis,Miscanthus floridulus,Artemisia argyi） were selected.Rainfall simulation experiment was adopted to compare runoffs and sediment yields of different combination modes and ratios as well as the study plot under constant rainfall intensity（20 mm/min）.[Result] Different combination modes under constant rainfall intensity all show better water and soil conservation effects than that of control group.For example,runoff appear 1′-4′05″ later,sediment yield reduces by 6.56-33.86 g respectively.Among all combination modes,runoff and sediment yield shows great difference after 20 min of constant rainfall,V.negundo＋S.viridis has the lowest runoff（1 700 ml） and sediment yield（60.71 g）;C.nepalensis＋A.argyi has the highest runoff（1,920 ml） and sediment yield（84.02 g）.[Conclusion] Given the same planting conditions such as side slope and seeding quantity,and also the same planting techniques,in the hilly areas of central Sichuan Province,the combination of V.negundo and S.viridis can greatly improve the water and soil conservation capacity of highway.

关 键 词：高速公路边坡 乡土灌木 产流 产沙 水土保持 

分 类 号：TU985.18[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]