基于多元统计的引黄水库沉沙条渠泥沙与水质的变异分析  

Variation analysis of silt and watar quality in desilting basin of Yellow River diversion reservoir based on multivariate statistical theory

作　　者：于富玲[1] 胡康博[2] 王毅力[1,2] 桂萍[3] 周永田[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100083 [3]中国城市规划设计研究院,北京100044 [4]山东省济南市供排水监测中心,济南250033

出　　处：《环境化学》2012年第1期69-75,共7页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(2008ZX07422-002-004)资助

摘　　要：以济南市引黄供水鹊山水库沉沙条渠为研究对象,测定了9个断面(Y1—Y9)表层水体中的含沙量、总有机碳、总磷、总氮、叶绿素a等19个水质指标.运用主成分分析法和聚类分析法分别探讨水体的主要污染因子及监测断面的沿程归类,并通过室内模拟实验分析了泥沙对水体中N、P浓度的影响.结果表明,沉沙条渠中的水质总体特征以Ⅱ类水和Ⅲ类水为主,其中,超标水质指标为TN,达到劣Ⅴ类水标准,P为藻类生长的限制因子.19个水质指标可由6个主成分来反映,其贡献率分别为:F1(TN、NH3-N、NO3--N、NO2--N、总碱度、Br-、硫酸盐)34.41%,F2(含沙量、浊度、色度、电导率)22.78%,F3(pH和UV254)13.95%,F4(TP)6.280%,F5(CODCr)4.990%和F6(Chl-a)4.830%;9个监测断面归为4类,相应地整个沉沙条渠可划分为4个功能区:入渠布水区(Y1、Y2、Y3)、快速沉降区(Y4、Y5)、缓慢沉降区(Y6、Y7、Y8)和出水稳定区(Y9).此外,水质与泥沙关系的室内模拟实验表明,条渠来水的P浓度随着泥沙颗粒的沉降而降低,TP在0—15 h内快速下降,而后缓慢下降,30 h内基本达到平衡;而泥沙颗粒对水中N浓度基本没有影响.Water samples were collected from 9 different cross-sections in Desilting Basin of Yellow River Diversion Reservoir and the corresponding 19 water quality indexes（such as SS,TOC,TP,TN,Chl-a,and so on） were determined accordingly.Both principal component analysis（PCA） and cluster analysis（CA） were employed to study the main pollution factors and the classification of monitoring cross-sections along the Desilting Basin,respectively.Then the effects of silt on the concentrations of N and P in water body were determined through indoor simulation experiments.The results showed that most water quality indexes were categorized to Class Ⅱor Ⅲ.Only TN concentrations exceeded ClassⅤ.And phosphorus was observed as the limiting factor for algal growth and eutrophication in water body.Six groups of water quality indexes,such as F1（TN,NH3-N,NO-3-N,NO-2-N,Total Alkalinity,Br-,Sulfate）,F2（SS,Turbidity,Color,Conductivity）,F3（pH,UV254）,F4（TP）,F5（CODCr） and F6（Chl-a） could account for the principal distributions of the above 19 water quality indexes.The corresponding contribution rates to total variance were 34.41%,22.78%,13.95%,6.280%,4.990% and 4.830%,respectively.Furthermore,the desilting basin region could be divided into 4 function zones as 4 categories of 9 monitoring cross-sections（Y1 to Y9） were determined based on the trend of specific water quality indexes along the desilting basin.These 4 zones are water distribution zone（Y1,Y2,Y3）,fast sedimentation zone（Y4,Y5）,slow sedimentation zone（Y6,Y7,Y8） and stability zone（Y9）.In addition,the indoor simulation experiments for relationship between the water quality and silt showed that P concentrations decreased rapidly with silts sedimentation in 0—15 h,then decreased slowly and reached equilibrium after 30 h.Nevertheless,the silt particles in water had little impacts on the N concentrations.

关 键 词：沉沙条渠 水质 泥沙 主成分分析 聚类分析 相关性分析 

分 类 号：TV145[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]