镉铊渣去镉的研究  

Study on Detaching Cd from Cd-Tl Residues

作　　者：姚顺忠[1,2] 戴永年[2] 黄浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学土木工程学院,云南昆明650224 [2]昆明理工大学真空冶金及材料研究所,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《稀有金属》2012年第1期135-141,共7页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：云南省重点基金项目(2011年)资助;云南省教育厅重点项目(6Z0067D);西南林学院面上科研基金(200609M)

摘　　要：在400～700℃范围、加热30 min和10～60 Pa条件下,采用真空蒸馏工艺对含镉铊等物料进行脱镉处理。测定了460,500,560和680℃条件下镉铊铅的化学成分,计算了这几种温度条件下镉、铊和铅的蒸发速率。用最小二乘法拟合分析:(1)镉的残留成分、铊和铅的蒸发成分与温度关系,得到拟合方程。Cd的残留成分、Tl和Pb蒸发成分与温度关系实验图与拟合图吻合较好,最大偏差为19%,这些方程为脱除镉提供选择温度的参考依据。(2)镉、铊和铅的蒸发速率与温度之间关系,得到拟合方程。Cd,Tl和Pb蒸发速率与温度关系实验图与拟合图吻合也较好,最大误差为17.01%。这些方程为脱除镉提供选择温度和蒸发时间的参考依据。综合分析表明为达到蒸除Cd且Tl在蒸发物中尽可能少的目的,兼顾Cd的蒸发速率大而Tl蒸发速率小的特点,在上述条件下560℃较为合适。此研究为真空蒸馏获取镉铊等材料提供了理论参考数据。Cadmium was removed from thallium material with vacuum distillation under the conditions that temperature was the range of 400～700 ℃,heating time was 30 min,and the pressure was between 10～60 Pa.The chemical compositions of cadmium,thallium and lead under 460,500,560 and 680 ℃ were measured,and evaporation rates of them under these conditions were calculated.The following results were established with least square method：（1） relations between temperature and the residual composition of cadmium as well as evaporate compositions of thallium and lead,the fitted formula were gained.Measured line of residual composition of cadmium and evaporate composition of thallium and lead were fitted well with the fitted line,and the largest error was 19%.These equations could be used to choose the temperature when removing cadmium.（2） Relations between temperature and evaporation rate of cadmium,thallium and lead,the fitted equations were found.The fitted line and the measured line fitted well,and the largest error was 17.01%.These equations could be useful to choose temperature and evaporation time when removing cadmium.Above all,in order to evaporate cadmium with as few thallium as possible,since the evaporation rate of cadmium was high while the evaporation rate of thallium was low,under such circumstances,560 ℃ was proven to be the most appropriate temperature,and this kind of research offered theories and data as references in the process of removing cadmium and thallium in vacuum distillation.

关 键 词：除镉 真空蒸馏 镉铊物料 

分 类 号：TF031[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]