中国含油气盆地地温-地压系统  

Characteristics of geotemperature-geopressure systems in petroliferous basins of China

作　　者：刘震[1] 朱文奇[1] 孙强[1] 金博 许晓明 张厚福[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油长城钻探工程公司解释研究中心,北京100101 [3]中海油研究总院,北京100027

出　　处：《石油学报》2012年第1期1-17,共17页Acta Petrolei Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2009CB219408);国家重大科技专项(2008ZX05001和2008ZX05002)资助

摘　　要：地温-地压系统作为盆地流体动力场的耦合,直接控制着油气的运移和聚集。在中国不同类型含油气盆地中,地温-地压系统特征存在很大差异,依据含油气盆地深部和浅部温压系统的斜率关系,划分出3大类地温-地压系统模式:高压型复式温压系统模式(浅部地层压力为静水压力、深度地层压力表现为高压异常)、低压型复式温压系统模式(浅部地层压力为静水压力、深度地层压力表现为低压异常)和单一型温压系统模式(浅部与深部地层压力均为静水压力)。高压型复式温压系统内,浅层系统的斜率分布范围较窄,地区差异小;深层系统的斜率分布范围很宽,地区差异较大。低压型复式温压系统内,浅层系统的斜率分布范围较宽,地区差异很大;深层系统的斜率分布范围较窄,地区差异相对较小。单一型温压系统深、浅层系统的斜率一致且分布比较集中,地区差异不明显。地温-地压系统特征分析表明,高压型复式温压系统内深浅部地层连通性很差,在垂向断裂附近,深层流体向上运移动力很强;低压型复式温压系统内深浅部地层连通性较差,在垂向断裂附近,浅层流体具有向下运移的趋势;单一型温压系统内深浅部地层连通性很好,流体垂向运移动力不足。在中国3大类含油气盆地中,伸展型盆地主要发育高压型复式温压系统,低压型复式温压系统次之;挤压型盆地以高压型复式温压系统为主,也有低压型复式温压系统发育;克拉通盆地发育低压型复式温压系统或高压型复式温压系统。As the coupling of hydrodynamic fields in petroliferous basins,a geotemperature-geopressure system（Geo-TPS） directly controls the migration and accumulation of oil and gas.Studies have showed that characteristics of the Geo-TPS in China differ greatly from one petroliferous basin to another.Based on the relationship of Geo-TPS slopes in shallow and deep formations,three types of Geo-TPS models were put forward： the high-pressure multiple Geo-TPS（HP-MGeo-TPS）,the low-pressure multiple Geo-TPS（LP-MGeo-TPS） and the single Geo-TPS（S-Geo-TPS）.As for the HP-MGeo-TPS,the slope range of the Geo-TPS is narrower in shallow formations but wider in deep formations.On the contrary,as for the LP-MGeo-TPS,the slope range of the Geo-TPS is wider in shallow formations but narrower in deep formations.And as for the S-Geo-TPS,the slope range of the Geo-TPS is relatively concentrated and regionally identical in both shallow and deep formations.A wider slope range indicates a big variation of the Geo-TPS with different basins,while a narrower slope range means a small change of the Geo-TPS with different basins.The difference of Geo-TPS characteristics suggests that a vertical connectedness in subsurface is better in the S-Geo-TPS than that either in the HP-MGeo-TPS or in the LP-MGeo-TPS.A poor connectedness may lead to an upward migration tendency of deep fluids in the HP-MGeo-TPS but a downward migration tendency of shallow fluids in the LP-MGeo-TPS along vertical fractures.Statistic data show that in China,both the HP-MGeo-TPS and the LP-MGeo-TPS develop well in extensional petroliferous basins;the HP-MGeo-TPS is more common than the LP-MGeo-TPS in compressional basins;and either the LP-MGeo-TPS or the HP-MGeo-TPS occurs in craton basins.

关 键 词：中国 含油气盆地 复式地温-地压系统 温压系统斜率 油气运移 

分 类 号：TE112[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]