温度对高密度循环海水养殖大菱鲆摄食、生长及消化酶的影响  

Effects of temperature on feed intake,growth and digestive enzyme activity of turbot Scophthatmus maximus L. in high stocking density of closed recirculation aquaculture system

作　　者：李勇[1,2] 孙国祥[1,2] 柳阳[1,2] 高婷婷[1] 于凯松[3] 刘佳亮 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司,烟台264003

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2011年第6期17-24,共8页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)重点项目(2006AA100305);国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2008GB2C100109)共同资助

摘　　要：在高密度封闭循环海水养殖条件下(平均密度14.20±0.48kg/m2),设置4个温度梯度(14、16、18、21℃,分别以A～D组表示),挑选相近体重(371.68±43.15g)的大菱鲆进行56d养殖试验。每个梯度设置3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。研究高密度封闭循环海水养殖条件下温度对大菱鲆摄食、生长以及消化酶的影响。试验结果表明,温度对大菱鲆摄食、生长以及消化酶活力具有显著影响(P<0.05)。(1)在14～18℃范围内,大菱鲆摄食量随温度的增加而增大,但当温度为21℃时,该组日均摄食量与其他3组相比出现显著性下降(P<0.05)。A、B、C3组的日均摄食量分别显著高于D组25.65%、32.26%、45.08%(P<0.05)。(2)大菱鲆生长和存活率随温度的增加表现出先升高后降低的趋势。A、B、C3组增重率分别比D组提高75.23%、91.05%、121.18%,特定生长率分别提高34.29%、80.00%、102.86%。(3)在14～18℃范围内,大菱鲆胃蛋白酶比活力首先随温度增加而增大,当超过18℃时,出现显著性下降(P<0.05)。A、B、C3组的胃蛋白酶比活力分别较D组高116.74%、139.68%、202.64%。各组肠脂肪酶比活力并无显著性差异(P>0.05)。肠淀粉酶比活力则随温度升高而升高,D组分别高于C组10.81%、显著高于B组59.74%(P<0.05)、极显著高于A组115.79%(P<0.01)。本研究表明,高密度封闭循环海水养殖条件下大菱鲆摄食、生长和消化的适宜温度范围为16～18℃,适温范围内的最大摄食率为0.52%～0.55%。温度对胃蛋白酶比活力及肠道淀粉酶比活力影响显著(P<0.05)。建议在适温范围内(16～18℃),封闭循环水养殖300～600g体重大菱鲆的最佳投饲率为0.57%～0.61%。Effects of temperature on feed intake, growth and digestive enzyme activity of turbot Scophthatmus maximus L. were investigated in high stocking density of closed recircula- tion aquaculture system. Fish with a mean initial weight of 371.68 - 43.15 g were reared at four different temperatures （14℃, 16℃, 18℃, and 21℃） for 56 days. Three hundred and six- ty fish were randomly allotted in four treatments with three replicates for each treatment in a stocking density of 14.20±0.48 kg/m2. The results indicated： （1）Within the temperature of 14-18℃, the feed intake of turbot increased with the increasing temperature, but when the temperature was 21℃, the average daily feed intake of this group was significantly lower than the other three groups（P〈0.05）. The average daily feed intake of group A, B, and C were sig- nificantly higher than D group by 25.65%, 32.26%, and 45.08% respectively （P〈0.05）. （2） Growth and survival rate of turbot increased first then decreased with the rising temperature. The weight gain rate of group A, B, and C was higher than group D by 75.23%, 91.05%, and 121.18% respectively, while the specific growth rate was 34.29%, 80.00%, and 102.86% re- spectively. （3）Pepsin activity of turbot first increased with the increasing temperature（14-18℃）and then significantly decreased when the temperature was 21℃ （P〈0.05）. The pepsin activity of group A, B, and C was higher than group D by 116.74% ,139.68%, and 202.64% respectively. There was no significant difference in intestinal lipase activity among four groups （P〉0.05）, while the intestinal amylase activity increased with the increasing temperature, and group D was higher than group C by 10.81%, significantly higher than group B by 59.74% （P〈0.05）and significantly higher than group A by 115.79 % （P〈0.01）. This study showed that the optimum temperature for feed intake, growth and digestive enzyme of turbot in high-density closed recirculation aquaculture system was 16-18℃ and t

关 键 词：温度 摄食 生长 消化酶 封闭循环海水 大菱鲆 高密度 

分 类 号：S967.9[农业科学—水产养殖]