论GATT 1994第20条对中国加入议定书的可适用性——由“中国原材料出口限制措施案”引发的思考  

Can Article XX of CATT 1994 be Applicable to China's Accession Protocol:Analysis Of China-Measures Related to the Export of Various Raw Materials Case

作　　者：刘勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江财经学院法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2012年第1期151-160,共10页Global Law Review

基　　金：作者主持的2010年浙江省社科规划项目(10JDGZ01YB)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：GATT 1994能否适用于成员方加入议定书是WTO当前面临的一个制度性问题。"中国原材料出口限制措施案"的专家组报告拒绝了中国将GATT1994第20条适用于中国加入WTO议定书第11条第3款的主张。专家组报告的结论存在若干可以商榷之处:采用了过于僵化、机械的文本解释规则,而忽视了其他解释规则和方法;对出口配额与出口税的区别对待损害了WTO法的统一性,也违背了WTO及其成员的基本立场;没有客观看待《议定书》与GATT1994及WTO其他协定之间的关系,错误地割裂了WTO各协定之间的逻辑联系。中国应在提出上诉的同时要求WTO部长会议或总理事会就GATT1994与成员方加入议定书的关系问题作出权威解释。Whether Article XX of GATT 1994 is applicable to its Member＇ s Accession Protocol is an institutional problem confronted by WTO today. The Panel report of China-Measures Related to the Exportation of Various Raw Materials rejected China＇ s argument that Article XX of GATT 1994 could be applied to Article 11.3 of China＇ s Accession Protocol. The conclusion reached by the Panel report is open to question： the excessively rigid and inflexible rule of textual interpretation has been applied without considering other interpretative rules and approaches; the distinction between export quota and export tariffs has been detrimental to the consistency of WTO law as well as run counter to the basic position of WTO and its Members ; and the relationship between China＇ s Accession Protocol and GATT 1994 and other WTO agreements has been subjectively treated, thus incorrectly isolating the logic relationship among WTO＇ s various agreements. When lodging an appeal, China should request the Ministerial Conference or General Council to give an authoritative interpretation on the relationship between GATT 1994 and its Member＇ s Accession Protocol.

关 键 词：WTO GATT1994 WTO议定书 专家组报告 WTO解释 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]