城市溪流中径流式低坝对底栖动物群落结构的影响  

The impact of run-of stream dams on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in urban streams

作　　者：韩鸣花[1] 于海燕[2] 周斌[2] 张勇[1] 王备新[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学昆虫系水生昆虫与溪流生态实验室,南京210095 [2]浙江省环境监测中心,杭州310007

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第2期380-385,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30870345)

摘　　要：调查了浙江省安吉县内具径流式低坝的城市溪流(6个样点)和参照溪流(3个样点)的底栖动物群落,目的是了解城市溪流底栖动物群落结构退化规律和径流式低坝(2—3 m)对城市溪流底栖动物群落组成与结构的影响。结果表明,参照样点的底质组成以大石块(35.92%)和卵石(33.66%)为主,城市溪流以砾石为主(57.97%)。城市溪流水温和电导率显著高于参照溪流,TN和TP高于参照溪流。底栖动物总分类单元数和EPT分类单元数显著低于参照溪流。城市溪流河道内水坝上下游之间的流速(P=0.273)和宽深比(P=3.92)无显著差异。坝下游水体中的TP高于坝上游,电导率、溶解氧、pH值和水温在坝上下游之间几乎一致。除BI指数坝下游高于坝上游外,坝上下游间底栖动物总分类单元数、EPT分类单元数以及多样性指数、优势度和均匀度指数没有显著差异。但坝下游的耐污类群比例显著高于坝上游,敏感类群比例则显著低于坝上游。与坝上游相比,坝下游捕食者比例上升和集食者比例下降。NMDS结果进一步表明,城市溪流内水坝的建设导致坝上下游底栖动物群落物种组成明显改变。Study of the degradation of urban stream ecosystems has been an important focus of urban ecology. During urbanization, infrastructure such as dams and other water projects can have a significant impact on the stream ecosystem. Dams create barriers, upstream and downstream, which hinder the migration of benthic invertebrates, change their living environment and affect their reproductive success, negatively affecting the macroinvertebrate community and its structure. This destroys the integrity of the stream ecosystem. To date, there has been no published research on this topic in China. Therefore, we surveyed the macroinvertebrate assemblages of nine sites （ six in urban streams with run-of stream dams [ 2-- 3m] and three in reference forest streams） in August, in Xitiao River catchment, Anji County, Zhejiang Province. Using the data collected, we explored the biological degradation of urban streams and the impact of run-of stream dams on the structure and composition of the macroinvertebrate community as well as on a range of biochemical parameters. Multiple comparison and non-parametric tests were used to compare the biochemical parameters of the different stream types, performed using SPSS 18.0 statistical software. Non-metric multidimensional scaling （NMDS） analysis was used to compare the community composition, performed using Primer 6.0 software. Our results showed that the main substrate components of the reference sites were boulders （35.92%） and cobbles （33.66%）, while the substrate of the urban streams was mostlygravel （57.97%）. Water temperature, conductivity, and concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorous were all significantly （P 〈 0. 05 ） higher in urban streams than in reference streams, whereas total taxa richness and EPT （Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera） taxa richness were significantly （P〈0.05） lower in the urban streams than in the reference streams. Differences in velocity （P= 0. 273） and depth/width （P= 3.92） between sites above

关 键 词：径流式低坝 城市溪流 大型底栖无脊椎动物 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]