北京部分地区末梢水卫生现状调查  

Investigation of Tap Water Quality in Some Areas of Beijing

作　　者：赵金辉[1] 叶研[1] 魏建荣[1] 刘飞[1] 陶晶[1] 韩志宇[1] 田佩瑶[1] 张雅洁[1] 刘玉敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生所,北京100013

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2012年第1期55-58,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(7092048)

摘　　要：目的了解北京部分地区末梢水的卫生现状。方法于2009年11—12月(枯水期)和2010年7—8月(丰水期)采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取该地区270户,检测并评价末梢水中微生物指标(菌落总数、总大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌)、毒理学指标(砷、汞、镉、铅、硒、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳)、一般化学指标(铁、锰、铜、锌、铝)和非常规指标(银、镍、钡、铍、钼、钠、铊、二氯一溴甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷、三溴甲烷、三卤甲烷、六六六、滴滴涕、七氯、六氯苯、林丹)。结果除总大肠菌群合格率(88.5%)略低外,其余指标合格率均在90%以上。与丰水期比较,枯水期末梢水中钡、钠、硒、铁的合格率以及菌落总数、铅、镍的浓度较低,铝、钡、钠、硒、锌、铁、锰的浓度较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与自备水比较,某地区市政供水末梢水水样中总大肠菌群、锰的合格率以及铝、锌的浓度较高,钡、钠的浓度较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。远郊东北部地区水样中锰浓度相对较高;城近郊西南部地区水样中钠、铁、硒、钡浓度相对较高;城区水样中所测化学指标均合格;远郊西南部和近郊西南部地区水样中总大肠菌群合格率相对较低。结论该地区末梢水的卫生状况良好,末梢水水质受到季节(水期)、供水来源和地区的影响。部分地区需要增加高风险化合物的监测。Objective To know tap water quality in some area of Beijing. Methods The tap water samples were collected from 270 families by a multi-stage sample method in the winter of 2009 and in the summer of 2010. Total bacterial count,total coli forms,Escherichia coli,toxicological indicators such as arsenic, mercury, cadmium,lead, selenium, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride,the general chemical indicators such as iron,manganese,copper,zinc,aluminum） and non-conventional indicators such as silver,nickel,barium,beryllium,molybdenum,sodium,thallium,dichloride methyl bromide,methyl chloride dibromochoromethane,bromoform,trihalomethane,BHC,DDT,heptachlor,hexachlorobenzene,lindane were detected. Results Among 270 investigated families,the qualified rates of all indexes were more than 88%. Compared with the summer, the qualified rate of barium,sodium,selenium,iron among tap water was lower in winter （P 〈0.05） .The concentration of the total number in the colonies, aluminum, barium, sodium, selenium, zinc, iron, manganese were higher in winter than those in summer. The lead and nickel concentrations were lower in winter than those in summer. Compared with the household well supply,the qualified rate of total coli forms, manganese and the concentration of aluminum, zinc were higher on municipal water supply;On the country,the concentration of barium,sodium were lower. All the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The concentration of manganese of tap water was relatively higher in suburbs of the northeast region. The concentration of sodium, iron,selenium,barium of tap water was relatively higher in urban and suburban southwest region. All of chemical indicators measured were qualified in city. The qualified rate of total coli forms was relatively lower in southwest suburbs and the southwest suburbs. Conclusion The tap water was in good condition in the investigated area of Beijing, and the water quality may be influenced in seasons.

关 键 词：饮用水 居民 卫生调查 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]